e. coli

Enterotoxin STp (E. coli), a heat-stable enterotoxin, is applicable in vaccine research [1].

E. coli Extract Total is derived from Escherichia coli (ATCC 11303) cultured under 37°C conditions during its three-quarters logarithmic growth phase, and it is suitable for use in the preparation of unilamellar vesicles.

E. coli Extract Polar is a polar lipid extract from Escherichia coli, consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin, useful for reconstituting membrane proteins.

E. coli DNAligase is an NAD++ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the complementary 3′-OH and 5′-P ends of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).

Lipopolysaccharides from *E. coli* (Escherichia coli) O26:B6 are endotoxins derived from *E. coli* that function as TLR-4 activators. These S-type LPS molecules can trigger pathogenic-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and encourage the release of exosomes. Structurally, they are composed of three parts: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and Lipid A, and can be identified by the monoclonal antibody MAb J8-4C10. This compound can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma, leading to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and causing oxidative damage to the adrenal glands. However, the pathogenic activity of Lipopolysaccharides from *E. coli* O26:B6 can be inhibited by PD149163 .

Lipopolysaccharides from E. coli O127:B8 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O127:B8)) are endotoxins and TLR-4 activators extracted from the bacterium E. coli O127:B8. This smooth (S) type LPS features a typical tripartite structure: an O antigen, an R3 core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. When lipopolysaccharides from E. coli O127:B8 activate TLR-4 on immune cells, they can trigger inflammatory responses and ileal contractility, making them useful for developing intestinal inflammation models.

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 (LPS, from Escherichia coli [O128:B12]) are lipid polysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators derived from E. coli O128:B12, characterized as a smooth (S) type LPS. This compound features a typical three-part structure: O antigen, R3 core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. It activates TLR-4 in immune cells, is useful for developing neonatal brain inflammation models in animals, and may impact preterm birth in neonates.

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli (Escherichia coli) K-235, are endotoxins derived from Escherichia coli and serve as TLR-4 activators. They are an S-type LPS capable of activating pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of the immune system and inducing the secretion of exosomes. This compound is characterized by a typical three-part structure comprising the O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and Lipid A. Additionally, lipopolysaccharides from E. coli K-235 stimulate mitogenesis in C57BL/10ScN spleen cells and, when purified by butanol and deoxycholate methods, can stimulate spleen cells from C57BL/10ScCR and C3H/HeJ mice.

D-Pipecolinic acid ((R)-Piperidine-2-carboxylic acid) is a normal human metabolite found in human biological fluids.

Arecoline hydrobromide (Arecoline HBr) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.

L-Pipecolic acid (L-Homoproline) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

Pipecolic acid (2-Piperidinecarboxylic acid), a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF, is an important regulator of immunity in plants and humans alike.

Arecoline is a natural alkaloid derived from areca nut in the palm family and is a potent nicotine and partial agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Arecoline has anti-anxiety and anti-parasitic activity, can induce oxidative stress and can be used to study Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

N-Hydroxypipecolic acid potassium is a metabolite of plant and a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) regulator.

N-Hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) is a plant metabolite and a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) regulator.

Olsalazine (Dipentium), an anti-inflammatory drug, is used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. It is also a novel DNA hypomethylating agent.

Cosyntropin (acetate) stimulates the release of corticosteroids such as cortisol from the adrenal gland.

Guvacoline hydrochloride (Norarecoline hydrochloride) is a muscarinic agonist.

Pipecolic acid-d9 is the deuterated form of Pipecolic acid. As a metabolite of lysine and an immune modulator, Pipecolic acid can induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants. It also inhibits ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy via the YAP-GPX4 signaling pathway. Moreover, Pipecolic acid can induce apoptosis in neural cells and serves as a diagnostic marker for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.

Arecoline hydrobromide (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Arecoline hydrobromide. Arecoline hydrobromide (Arecoline HBr) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist.

Pipecolic acid (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Pipecolic acid. Pipecolic acid (2-Piperidinecarboxylic acid), a metabolite of lysine found in human physiological fluids such as urine, plasma and CSF, is an important regulator of immunity in plants and humans alike.

L-Pipecolic acid (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving L-Pipecolic acid. L-Pipecolic acid (L-Homoproline) is a breakdown product of lysine, accumulates in body fluids of infants with generalized genetic peroxisomal disorders, such as Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

Pipecolinic Acid (Standard) is a reference standard of Pipecolinic Acid intended for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related biochemical research applications.

Minisecolide C is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN5322 and the CAS number is 1967030-77-8.