E. coli

Vedaprofen (PM 150) inhibits COX-1 and reduces prostaglandin H2 synthesis with anti-inflammatory activities. Vedaprofen is an inhibitor of Escherichia coli sliding clamp with the IC50 of 222 μM and Ki of 131 μM.

Nitrofurantoin (Furadantine), an antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA, RNA, and cell wall protein synthesis. Activated by bacterial flavoproteins to intermediates that inactivate bacterial ribosomal proteins, Nitrofurantoin is used prophylactically as a urinary anti-infective agent against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and for long-term suppression of infections.

Glycol chitosan, a chitosan derivative with hydrophilic ethylene glycol branches, inhibits E. coli, S. aureus, and S. enteritidis growth (MICs: 4 μg/mL, 32 μg/mL, and <0.5 μg/mL), and enhances membrane permeability and leakage in Glycine max [Harosoy 63W] cells.

Dyclonine hydrochloride (Dyclonine HCl) , an over the counter throat lozenge, is found in Sucretswith local anesthetic effect .

Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside (Methyl α-D-mannopyranoside) can be used as an intermediate for chemical sythesis and can target macrophages in anti-tuberculosis inhalation therapy[1].

Monocaprylin (Sefsol 318) is a monoglyceride of caprylic acid with an excellent antibacterial activity. Monocaprylin inhibits a variety of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and has the potential for an alternative food preservative research.

PGLa acetate is a 21-residue member of the magainin family of antibiotic peptides.

Temafloxacin (Omniflox) is an antibiotic and antimycobacterial agent. It used to treat lower respiratory tract infections, genital and urinary infections like prostatitis, and skin infections.

Monoctanoin (Glyceryl 1-caprylate) has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

5'-O-(4,4'-Dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxyuridine (5'-O-DMT-dU) is a competitive inhibitor of dUTP nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) in E. coli with a Ki greater than 1 mM. 5'-O-(4,4'-Dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxyuridine can be used in machine-assisted DNA synthesis.

Maleic Acid is a Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) inhibitor for L. monocytogenes and E. coli.

Enterotoxin STp (E. coli), a heat-stable enterotoxin, is applicable in vaccine research [1].

Kaempferol-7,4'-dimethyl ether, isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber phillipseae, exhibits antioxidant activity against S. aureus and E. coli with MICs of 200 and 225 μg/ml, respectively.

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)) are endotoxins and TLR-4 activators extracted from the bacterium E. coli O111:B4, classified as a smooth (S) type LPS. They exhibit a three-part structure comprised of the O antigen, R3-type core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. These lipopolysaccharides activate TLR-4 on immune cells, potentially causing significant gastric ailments. Furthermore, they can induce M1 polarization in murine macrophages.

Lipopolysaccharides from *E. coli* (Escherichia coli) O26:B6 are endotoxins derived from *E. coli* that function as TLR-4 activators. These S-type LPS molecules can trigger pathogenic-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and encourage the release of exosomes. Structurally, they are composed of three parts: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and Lipid A, and can be identified by the monoclonal antibody MAb J8-4C10. This compound can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma, leading to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and causing oxidative damage to the adrenal glands. However, the pathogenic activity of Lipopolysaccharides from *E. coli* O26:B6 can be inhibited by PD149163 (HY-123434).

Lipopolysaccharides from E. coli O127:B8 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O127:B8)) are endotoxins and TLR-4 activators extracted from the bacterium E. coli O127:B8. This smooth (S) type LPS features a typical tripartite structure: an O antigen, an R3 core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. When lipopolysaccharides from E. coli O127:B8 activate TLR-4 on immune cells, they can trigger inflammatory responses and ileal contractility, making them useful for developing intestinal inflammation models.

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O128:B12 (LPS, from Escherichia coli [O128:B12]) are lipid polysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators derived from E. coli O128:B12, characterized as a smooth (S) type LPS. This compound features a typical three-part structure: O antigen, R3 core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. It activates TLR-4 in immune cells, is useful for developing neonatal brain inflammation models in animals, and may impact preterm birth in neonates.

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli (Escherichia coli) K-235, are endotoxins derived from Escherichia coli and serve as TLR-4 activators. They are an S-type LPS capable of activating pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of the immune system and inducing the secretion of exosomes. This compound is characterized by a typical three-part structure comprising the O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and Lipid A. Additionally, lipopolysaccharides from E. coli K-235 stimulate mitogenesis in C57BL/10ScN spleen cells and, when purified by butanol and deoxycholate methods, can stimulate spleen cells from C57BL/10ScCR and C3H/HeJ mice.

Hygromycin B (Hygrovetine) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by interfering with translocation and causing mistranslation by the 70S ribosome. It is commonly used for the selection of cells transfected with the hph or hyg resistance gene.

Zidebactam (WCK-5107) is an effective β-lactamase inhibitor. Zidebactam also is a penicillin-binding protein2 inhibitor (IC50: 0.26 μg mL).

Antimicrobial Compound 1 is an alkyl pyridinium compound with Tail 12C, Head 4-carboxyl. Antimicrobial Compound 1 exhibits antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis and E. coli.

Eravacycline dihydrochloride (TP-434-046) is a potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial agent against six E. coli (MICs: 0.125-0.25 mg L).

LpxH-IN-AZ1 is a potent inhibitor of the UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine pyrophosphate hydrolase, LpxH, and sulfonylpiperazine compounds.LpxH-IN-AZ1 exhibits antimicrobial activity and inhibits Klebsiella pneumoniae with an IC50 of 0.36 μM.

Sulopenem (CP-70429) is an orally active gastrointestinal-external cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. It inhibits Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and can be used in bacterial infection research.