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Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze the posttranslational modification of arginine residues on proteins to form citrulline, which plays a large role in regulating gene expression. Abnormally high PAD activity has been observed in a host of human diseases. Citrulline-specific probe-rhodamine is a highly sensitive, rhodamine phenylglyoxal-based fluorophore that specifically detects protein citrullination via a chemoselective reaction between glyoxal and citrulline. This chemical probe (comprised of a single isomer) is capable of reacting with any citrulline-containing protein and can be analyzed with fluorescent imaging (excitation 532 nm; emission 580 nm). When added at 100 μM for 30 minutes at acidic pH, this probe has a reported limit of detection of ~10 ng for citrullinated histone H3 and ~1 ng for autodeiminated PAD4.

Prostate Specific Antigen Substrate is a fluorescent substrate specific to prostate-specific antigen (PSA), facilitating the detection of PSA enzymatic activity [1].

Fluorescent Substrate for Glu-Specific Proteases is a chromogenic substrate specifically recognized by V8 protease [1].

Fluorescent Substrate for Asp-Specific Proteases selectively cleaves the Asp-Val bond [1].

Citrulline-specific probe-biotin is a biotinylated probe designed for detecting citrulline, the hydrolysis product of the amino acid arginine catalyzed by protein arginine deiminase (PAD). This probe is useful in identifying diseases with abnormally increased PAD activity, as elevated levels of citrulline are indicative of such conditions. Citrulline-specific probe-biotin has proven effective in applications within animal models of ulcerative colitis, demonstrating its utility in biomedical research and diagnostics.

MitoSOX Red is a novel fluorescent probe that is specific and cell membrane-permeable and targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is oxidized by superoxide upon entry into the mitochondria and is not oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in the mitochondrion and produces a strong red fluorescence.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevents the oxidation of MitoSOX Red.

Fast red TR salt hemi(zinc chloride) is a red diazo dye with λmax = 284 nm, commonly used as a chromogenic substrate for alkaline phosphatase (AP) and in immunohisto-chemistry to detect specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections.

Copper probe CF4 (Copper fluor CF4) is a monovalent copper (Cu⁺)-specific fluorescent sensor based on a rhodol dye scaffold. TCF4 exhibits a 1:1 stoichiometric binding ratio and remains stable at pH 6–8, suitable for in vivo imaging.

1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) is a fluorescent probe. It possesses a highly specific reactivity towards singlet oxygen forming an endoperoxide which decomposes to give 1,2-dibenzoylbenzene. 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran can detect the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

FHZ is a fluorescent probe (IUPAC: 2-(7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one-10-yl)benzoic acid), widely utilized in biological imaging due to its high sensitivity and selectivity in detecting specific molecular targets within cellular environments, exhibiting optimal excitation and emission spectra for various fluorescence microscopy applications.

PL553 is a specific and high-affinity fluorogenic substrate of Leukotriene A4 hydrolase [λmax: 210 nm; λem: 410 nm].

TMRE (Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate) is a mitochondria specific dye (λex: 550 nm, λem: 575 nm).

ICG-DBCO-1-Maltotriose is a specific imaging agent used for the detection of bacterial infections, consisting of the fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) and maltotriose.

PDAM (1-Pyrenyldiazomethane) is a compound with robust biomarking and fluorescent properties. It serves as a dye in histological studies for cell imaging, allowing clear labeling of specific cellular structures. Additionally, PDAM is utilized as a hematological stain to enhance the visualization of cell components, aiding in more accurate diagnostics.

CY5-Dextran (MW 4000) is a fluorescent dye composed of CY5 and Dextran (Ex=633 nm; Em=670 nm). This compound exhibits antitumor properties and can be utilized to visualize the specific subcellular distribution of glycogen at the nanoscale.

SulfoSMCCR-phycoerythrin is a conjugate composed of the protein crosslinker SMCC and R-PE (R-Phycoerythrin), designed for labeling proteins to carry red fluorescence. SMCC functions to bind antigen-coupled spleen cells, thereby inducing antigen-specific immune responses.

6-NBDF is a novel fluorescent probe specific to the GLUT5 transporter. This probe is swiftly taken up by cell lines that express GLUT5 in cancer cells.

HCy-Lyso is a lysosome-specific fluorescent probe specifically designed for the detection of hydroxyl radicals.

PUN00551, also known as Pyrenebutyricamide-PEG5-amine, TFA salt, is a compound formed by the combination of pyridine and PEG-amine. PUN00551 exhibits specific properties in carboxylic acid coupling, making it useful for synthesizing dyes and nanotubes. As it currently lacks an official name, a provisional code name has been assigned according to MedKoo chemical naming conventions [refer to webpage: https://www.medkoo.com/page/naming] for ease of communication.

BQ7876 is a probe that targets prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and contains a DOTA chelator. After radiolabeling with radionuclides (177Lu), BQ7876 specifically binds to PSMA, serving both in radionuclide imaging and tumor cell destruction. It shows potential for research in the field of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). BQ7876 can also be utilized in the synthesis/research of radionuclide conjugated drugs (RDC).

Dextran-CY5 is dextran labeled with the fluorescent dye CY5, which has a peak excitation wavelength of 633 nm and a peak emission wavelength of 670 nm. Dextran-CY5 is useful for visualizing the specific subcellular distribution of glucans at the nanoscale level.