3-keto fenretinide-d4

3-Keto Fenretinide-d4 is a deuterated compound of 3-Keto Fenretinide. 3-Keto Fenretinide has a CAS number of 865536-65-8. 4-oxo-fenretinide, a recently identified fenretinide metabolite, induces marked G2-M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Aflatoxin G1-13C17is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of aflatoxin G1by GC- or LC-MS. Aflatoxin G1is a mycotoxin that has been found inA. terricola.1In vivo, aflatoxin G1is lethal to ducklings (LD50= 1.18 mg/kg).2It induces hepatocellular carcinoma tumor formation and lethality in rats when administered at doses of 1.4 and 3 mg/animal, respectively. Aflatoxin G1also inhibits liver and kidney succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase, as well as kidney cytochrome oxidase, NADH oxidase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase in rats.3 1.Moubasher, A.H., el-Kady, I.A., and Shoriet, A.Toxigenic Aspergilli isolated from different sources in EgyptAnn. Nutr. Aliment.31(4-6)607-615(1977) 2.Wogan, G.N., Edwards, G.S., and Newberne, P.M.Structure-activity relationships in toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins and analogsCancer Res.31(12)1936-1942(1971) 3.Bai, N.J., Pai, M.R., and Venkitasubramanian, T.A.Mitochondrial function in aflatoxin toxicityIndian J. Biochem. Biophys.14(4)347-349(1977)

Difamilast-d5 is a deuterated compound of Difamilast. Difamilast has a CAS number of 937782-05-3. Difamilast is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) with particularly efficient inhibition of subtype B (IC50=11.2 nM).

DL-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic-d3 acid is a deuterated compound of DL-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid-d5 is a deuterated compound of Eicosapentaenoic Acid. Eicosapentaenoic Acid has a CAS number of 10417-94-4. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is a ω-3 fatty acid abundantly available in marine organisms.

Nintedanib-d8 is a deuterated compound of Nintedanib. Nintedanib has a CAS number of 656247-17-5. Nintedanib is an inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR FGFR PDGFR (IC50s: 13-34 37-610 59 65 nM for VEGFR1-3, FGFR1-4, and PDGFRα β, respectively).

3,4-Difluoro-4'-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)biphenyl-d4 is a deuterated compound of 3,4-Difluoro-4'-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)biphenyl. 3,4-Difluoro-4'-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)biphenyl has a CAS number of 85312-59-0.

3,4-Difluoro-4'-(cis-4-propylcyclohexyl)biphenyl-d4 is a deuterated compound of 3,4-Difluoro-4'-(cis-4-propylcyclohexyl)biphenyl.

Indole-3-Acetic-d2 Acid is a deuterated compound of Indole-3-Acetic Acid. Indole-3-Acetic Acid has a CAS number of 87-51-4. 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development.

Guanfacine-13C,15N3is intended for us as an internal standard for the quantification of guanfacine by GC- or LC-MS. Guanfacine is an α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist with Kivalues of 93, 1,380, and 3,890 nM for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-ARs, respectively, in a radioligand binding assay.1It has EC50values of 52, 288, and 602 nM for α2A-, α2B-, and α2C-ARs, respectively, for stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding. It also binds to imidazoline receptor 1 (Ki= 19 nM in a radioligand binding assay).2Guanfacine (0.3-5 mg/kg) binds to adrenergic receptors in the central nervous system and lowers blood pressure in hypertensive rats in a dose-dependent manner.3It also improves spatial working memory deficits induced by hypobaric hypoxia in rats.4Formulations containing guanfacine are used in the treatment of high blood pressure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 1.Jasper, J.R., Lesnick, J.D., Chang, L.K., et al.Ligand efficacy and potency at recombinant α2 adrenergic receptors: Agonist-mediated [35S]GTPγS bindingBiochem. Pharmacol.55(7)1035-1043(1998) 2.Nikolic, K., Filipic, S., and Agbaba, D.QSAR study of imidazoline antihypertensive drugsBioorg. Med. Chem.16(15)7134-7140(2008) 3.Scholtysik, G.Pharmacology of guanfacineBr. J. Clin. Pharmacol.10(Suppl 1)21S-24S(1980) 4.Kauser, H., Sahu, S., Kumar, S., et al.Guanfacine is an effective countermeasure for hypobaric hypoxia-induced cognitive declineNeuroscience254110-119(2013)

Oleic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of oleic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid and a major component of membrane phospholipids that has been found in human plasma, cell membranes, and adipose tissue.1,2 It contributes approximately 17% of the total fatty acids esterified to phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid class in porcine platelets.1 Oleic acid inhibits collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation by approximately 90% when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml. It also inhibits fMLF-induced neutrophil aggregation and degranulation by 55 and 68%, respectively, when used at a concentration of 5 μM, similar to arachidonic acid .3 Oleic acid (60 μM) induces release of intracellular calcium in human platelets.4

Palmitic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. It comprises approximately 25% of human total plasma lipids.1 It increases protein levels of COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 75 μM.2 Palmitic acid is involved in the acylation of proteins to anchor membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer.2,3,4,5,6 |1. Santos, M.J., López-Jurado, M., Llopis, J., et al. Influence of dietary supplementation with fish oil on plasma fatty acid composition in coronary heart disease patients. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 39(1), 52-62 (1995).|2. Lee, J.Y., Sohn, K.H., Rhee, S.H., et al. Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated through toll-like receptor 4. J. Biol. Chem. 276(20), 16683-16689 (2001).|3. Dietzen, D.J., Hastings, W.R., and Lublin, D.M. Caveolin is palmitoylated on multiple cysteine residues. Palmitoylation is not necessary for localization of caveolin to caveolae. J. Biol. Chem. 270(12), 6838-6842 (1995).|4. Robinson, L.J., and Michel, T. Mutagenesis of palmitoylation sites in endothelial nitric oxide synthase identifies a novel motif for dual acylation and subcellular targeting. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92(25), 11776-11780 (1995).|5. Topinka, J.R., and Bredt, D.S. N-terminal palmitoylation of PSD-95 regulates association with cell membranes and interaction with K+ channel Kv1.4. Neuron 20(1), 125-134 (1998).|6. Miggin, S.M., Lawler, O.A., and Kinsella, B.T. Palmitoylation of the human prostacyclin receptor. Functional implications of palmitoylation and isoprenylation. J. Biol. Chem. 278(9), 6947-6958 (2003).

Lenvatinib-d4 is a deuterated compound of Lenvatinib. Lenvatinib has a CAS number of 417716-92-8. Lenvatinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of lenvatinib is as a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.

Indole-3-butyric acid-d2 is a deuterated compound of Indole-3-butyric acid. Indole-3-butyric acid has a CAS number of 133-32-4. 3-Indolebutyric acid(IBA) is a plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products.

2-deoxy-D-Glucose-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by GC- or LC-MS. 2-deoxy-D-Glucose is a glucose antimetabolite and an inhibitor of glycolysis.1,2It inhibits hexokinase, the enzyme that converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, as well as phosphoglucose isomerase, the enzyme that converts glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.32-deoxy-D-Glucose (16 mM) induces apoptosis in SK-BR-3 cells, as well as inhibits the growth of 143B osteosarcoma cells cultured under hypoxic conditions when used at a concentration of 2 mg ml.4,5In vivo, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (500 mg kg) reduces tumor growth in 143B osteosarcoma and MV522 non-small cell lung cancer mouse xenograft models when used alone or in combination with doxorubicin or paclitaxel .6 1.Kang, H.T., and Hwang, E.S.2-Deoxyglucose: An anticancer and antiviral therapeutic, but not any more a low glucose mimeticLife Sci.78(12)1392-1399(2006) 2.Aft, R.L., Zhang, F.W., and Gius, D.Evaluation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as a chemotherapeutic agent: Mechanism of cell deathBr. J. Cancer87(7)805-812(2002) 3.Ralser, M., Wamelink, M.M., Struys, E.A., et al.A catabolic block does not sufficiently explain how 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibits cell growthProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA105(46)17807-17811(2008) 4.Liu, H., Savaraj, N., Priebe, W., et al.Hypoxia increases tumor cell sensitivity to glycolytic inhibitors: A strategy for solid tumor therapy (Model C)Biochem. Pharmacol.64(12)1745-1751(2002) 5.Zhang, X.D., Deslandes, E., Villedieu, M., et al.Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on various malignant cell lines in vitroAnticancer Res.26(5A)3561-3566(2006) 6.Maschek, G., Savaraj, N., Priebe, W., et al.2-deoxy-D-glucose increases the efficacy of adriamycin and paclitaxel in human osteosarcoma and non-small cell lung cancers in vivoCancer Res.64(1)31-34(2004)

Indole-2,4,5,6,7-d5-3-acetic-2,2-d2 Acid is a deuterated compound of Indole-3-acetic Acid. Indole-3-acetic Acid has a CAS number of 87-51-4. 3-Indoleacetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and it regulates various aspects of plant growth and development.

Felodipine-d5 is a deuterated compound of Felodipine. Felodipine has a CAS number of 72509-76-3. Felodipine is a longlasting 1, 4-dihydropyridine calcium channel repressor.

Nitisinone-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nitisinone by GC- or LC-MS. Nitisinone is an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), which converts 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPA) to homogentisate in the tyrosine catabolic pathway.1Nitisinone increases urinary levels of HPPA and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate (HPLA) in rats when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Nitisinone (3 mg/kg) prevents the neonatal lethality of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) deficiency in mice when administered to pregnant dams.2It exhibits hepatoprotective effects inFAH-/-mice, such as prevention of increases in plasma levels of aspartate serine aminotransferase (AST) and conjugated bilirubin, when administration is continued following birth at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Nitisinone (100 μg) decreases urinary excretion of homogentisate and increases urinary excretion of HPPA, HPLA, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate in a mouse model of alkaptonuria induced by ethylnitrosourea.3Formulations containing nitisinone have been used in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1). 1.Ellis, M.K., Whitfield, A.C., Gowans, L.A., et al.Inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase by 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dione and 2-(2-chloro-4-methanesulfonylbenzoyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dioneToxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.133(1)12-19(1995) 2.Grompe, M., Lindstedt, S., al-Dhalimy, M., et al.Pharmacological correction of neonatal lethal hepatic dysfunction in a murine model of hereditary tyrosinaemia type INat. Genet.10(4)453-460(1995) 3.Suzuki, Y., Oda, K., Yoshikawa, Y., et al.A novel therapeutic trial of homogentisic aciduria in a murine model of alkaptonuriaJ. Hum. Genet.44(2)79-84(1999)

Vanillin-d3 (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde-d3) is the deuterium marker for vanillin and can be used for isotopic tracing. Vanillin (Zimco) is a natural product extracted from vanilla beans and is commonly used in perfumes, food and pharmaceuticals.

HT-2 toxin-13C22is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of HT-2 toxin by GC- or LC-MS. HT-2 toxin is a type A trichothecene mycotoxin and an active, deacetylated metabolite of the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 toxin .1,2Like T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin inhibits protein synthesis and cell proliferation in plants.2HT-2 toxin also reduces viability of HepG2, A549, HEp-2, Caco-2, A-204, U937, Jurkat, and RPMI-8226 cancer cells with IC50values ranging from 3.1 to 23 ng/ml and human umbilical vein endothelial cells with an IC50value of 56.4 ng/ml.1It induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, and autophagy in, as well as halts the development of, cultured mouse embryos when used at a concentration of 10 nM.3HT-2 toxin has been found in cereal grains and food products.4,5 1.Nielsen, C., Casteel, M., Didier, A., et al.Trichothecene-induced cytotoxicity on human cell linesMycotoxin Res.25(2)77-84(2009) 2.Nathanail, A.V., Varga, E., Meng-Reiterer, J., et al.Metabolism of the fusarium mycotoxins T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in wheatJ. Agric. Food Chem.63(35)7862-7872(2015) 3.Zhang, L., Li, L., Xu, J., et al.HT-2 toxin exposure induces mitochondria dysfunction and DNA damage during mouse early embryo developmentReprod. Toxicol.85104-109(2019) 4.Langseth, W., and Rundberget, T.The occurrence of HT-2 toxin and other trichothecenes in Norwegian cerealsMycopathologia147(3)157-165(1999) 5.Al-Taher, F., Cappozzo, J., Zweigenbaum, J., et al.Detection and quantitation of mycotoxins in infant cereals in the U.S. market by LC-MS/MS using a stable isotope dilution assayFood Control72(Part A)27-35(2017)

Palmitic acid-13C (C1, C2, C3, and C4 labeled) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid is a common 16-carbon saturated fat that represents 10-20% of human dietary fat intake and comprises approximately 25 and 65% of human total plasma lipids and saturated fatty acids, respectively.1,2Acylation of palmitic acid to proteins facilitates anchoring of membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer and trafficking of intracellular proteins, promotes protein-vesicle interactions, and regulates various G protein-coupled receptor functions.1Red blood cell palmitic acid levels are increased in patients with metabolic syndrome compared to patients without metabolic syndrome and are also increased in the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes compared to individuals without diabetes.3,4 1.Fatima, S., Hu, X., Gong, R.-H., et al.Palmitic acid is an intracellular signaling molecule involved in disease developmentCell. Mol. Life Sci.76(13)2547-2557(2019) 2.Santos, M.J., López-Jurado, M., Llopis, J., et al.Influence of dietary supplementation with fish oil on plasma fatty acid composition in coronary heart disease patientsAnn. Nutr. Metab.39(1)52-62(1995) 3.Yi, L.-Z., He, J., Liang, Y.-Z., et al.Plasma fatty acid metabolic profiling and biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on GC/MS and PLS-LDAFEBS Lett.580(30)6837-6845(2006) 4.Kabagambe, E.K., Tsai, M.Y., Hopkins, P.N., et al.Erythrocyte fatty acid composition and the metabolic syndrome: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute GOLDN studyClin. Chem.54(1)154-162(2008)

Demethoxy Curcumin-d4 is a deuterated compound of Demethoxy Curcumin. Demethoxy Curcumin has a CAS number of 22608-11-3. 1. Demethoxycurcumin has antioxidant activity. 2. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-inflammatory activity. 3. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-proliferative activity. 4. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-acanthamoebic effect. 5. Demethoxycurcumin is a potential additive natural product in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in drug-resistant cancers. 6. Demethoxycurcumin inhibits energy metabolic and oncogenic signaling pathways through AMPK activation in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid-d4 is a deuterated compound of 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid. 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid has a CAS number of 501-97-3. Desaminotyrosine is a microbially associated metabolite protecting from influenza through augmentation of type I interferon signaling.

Minodronic acid-d4 is a deuterated compound of Minodronic acid. Minodronic acid has a CAS number of 180064-38-4. Minodronic acid(YM-529) is a P2X2 3 receptor antagonist with anticancer activity, directly or indirectly inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis. Minodronic acid has been shown to inhibit the metastasis of various types of cancer cells.Minodronic-acid has been used in the study of osteoporosis.