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Piceatannol (Astringenin) is an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative agent. It inhibits p56lck and syk protein tyrosine kinases and inhibits NF-κB activation and gene expression of TNF-induced. It is synthetic from the conversion of resveratrol by cytochrome P450 1B1.

Plantamajoside (Y0160) has anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive activities, improving sexual function and antioxidant activity.

5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA) is an anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE.

Salidroside is a bioactive phenolic glycoside compound isolated from Rhodiola rosea and is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside can alleviate cachexia symptoms in a tumor cachexia mouse model by activating mTOR signaling and protect dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1 Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Salidroside can also inhibit the growth of cancer cells by regulating the CDK4-cyclin D1 pathway to block the G1 phase and or regulating the Cdc2-cyclin B1 pathway to block the G2 phase.

1. Dehydrocorydaline (13-Methylpalmatine) exerts anti-metastatic potential via suppression of MMPs and Bcl-2 signaling in NSC-LC cells. 2. Dehydrocorydaline stimulates p38 MAPK activation, which can enhance heterodimerization of MyoD and E proteins, thus resulting in MyoD activation and myoblast differentiation. 3. Dehydrocorydaline shows antiplatelet effects, it inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a low dose ( IC50= 34.914 ug mL). 4. Dehydrocorydaline has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. 5. Dehydrocorydaline inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis mediated by regulating Bax Bcl-2, activating caspases as well as cleaving PARP.

Salicylamide (2-Hydroxybenzamide) is an over-the-counter drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties, which has similar medicinal properties to aspirin. In the over-the-counter pain remedies, Salicylamide is used in combination with both aspirin and caffeine.

Salicyl alcohol is an inhibitor of lymphocyte-mediated cell lysis from prunes.

Sodium salicylate (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid sodium salt), a metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid, can inhibit NF-kB and reduce oxidative stress.

Methyl salicylate (Gaultheria oil) is an organic ester naturally produced by many species of plants, particularly wintergreens. For acute joint and muscular pain, methyl salicylate is used as a rubefacient and analgesic in deep heating liniments.

Salicin (Salicine), a phenol β-glycoside produced from willow bark, shows anti-inflammatory functions.

Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid), a natural compound extracted from Willow bark, is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor of activity cyclooxygenase.

Nalidixic acid (NSC-82174) is a synthetic 1, 8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE.

DL-Adrenaline Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the naturally occurring sympathomimetic amine with vasoconstricting, intraocular pressure-reducing activities.

DL-Norvaline (2-Aminopentanoic acid) is a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase.

Malic acid disodium hydrate is commonly used as a food additive, buffering agent and nutritional supplement with the ability to enhance food flavor, improve texture and regulate acidity. Hydroxybutanedioic acid disodium hydrate can also be used as a dietary supplement to help increase energy production, reduce fatigue and enhance athletic performance.

Phenyl salicylate (NSC-33406) is a chemical substance. It is synthesized by heating salicylic acid with phenol.

5-Acetylsalicylic acid (5-acetyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid) has anti-inflammatory effects and can be used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis, inflamed anus or rectum, and to maintain remission in Crohn's disease.

Baicalin (Baicalein 7-O-β-D-glucuronide) is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor isolated from scutellaria baicalensis, with antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-HIV properties.

Amygdalin (Laetrile) has antifibrotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, amygdalin joint HSYA could inhibit the degeneration of the endplate chondrocytes derived from intervertebral discs of rats induced by IL-1beta and better than the single use of Amygdalin or HSYA. Amygdalin induces apoptotic cell death in human DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells by caspase-3 activation through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax.

Monocrotaline (Crotaline) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the Crotalaria plant. Monocrotaline has certain cellular activity against HepG2 cells and can induce pulmonary hypertension in rodents.

Bilobalide ((-)-Bilobalide), a bioactive from Gingko Biloba, is active on hypoxia-induced alterations.

Alizarin (Mordant Red 11), a red dye derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus, inhibits P450 isoform CYP1A1( IC50 = 6.2 μM), CYP1A2 (IC50 =10.0 μM )and CYP1B1(IC50 = 2.7 μM).

Oxalic acid is a strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants. Oxalic acid is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid.

1. Malic acid (Pomalus acid) did reduce populations of L. monocytogenes on poultry. 2. Malic acid supplementation may be useful for conservative treatment of calcium renal stone disease by virtue of its capacity to induce these effects.