sodium

DIDS sodium salt (MDL101114ZA) is a dual inhibitor of the proteins ABCA1 and VDAC1.

Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin sodium (Sulfosuccinimidyl 3-[[2-(biotinamido)ethyl]dithio]propionate) is a cell-impermeant and long-chain cleavable amine-reactive biotinylation reagent. It can be used for the labeling and purifying of cell-surface protein.

Phenol Red sodium salt is a water-soluble pH indicator used in the range from 6.8 (yellow) to 8.2 (red).

AA-dUTP [sodium salt] is a fluorescent dye used for staining cDNA.

Iothalamate (Iothalamic acid) sodium is a type of contrast agent.

Zopocianine (OTL-0078; OTL78) sodium is a diagnostic contrast agent.

ATP-1-Aminonaphthalene-5-sulfonate ((y-AmNS)-ATP) sodium is a fluorescent analogue of ATP. It serves as a substrate for DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and valyl t-RNA synthetase, with excitation and emission wavelengths of 320/460 nm.

Etheno-NAADP (Nicotinic acid 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide phosphate) sodium is a fluorescent derivative of NAADP. It efficiently stimulates Ca2+ release in sea urchin egg homogenates, exhibiting an EC50 of 5 µM, with excitation/emission wavelengths of 275/410 nm.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-L-iduronide 2-sulfate (4-MU-α-idoa 2-sulfate) sodium serves as a fluorescent substrate for iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S). This compound can be hydrolyzed by the lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), liberating the fluorophore 4-Methylumbelliferone. It is utilized in the detection of Hurler syndrome.

Rhod-2 (sodium salt) is a water-soluble, red fluorescent calcium indicator. It exhibits a significant shift in fluorescence intensity upon calcium binding (ex max = 549 nm; calcium-free v. ex/em max = 552/581 nm; calcium-bound). [1][2] Unlike the UV-excitable indicators fura-2 and indo-1 , there is no accompanying spectral shift.

Indo-1 (sodium salt) is a ratiometric fluorescent calcium indicator. It is ideal for analyses using flow cytometry, as it uses a single excitation source, typically 349-364 nm light from an argon-ion laser. The emission maximum shifts from 475-485 nm without calcium to 400-410 nm when Indo-1 (sodium salt) binds calcium. Indo-1 (sodium salt) is prone to photobleaching, which limits its usefulness in methods involving microscopy.

Fluo-3 is a fluorescent calcium indicator commonly used in flow cytometry and cell-based experiments to detect changes in intracellular calcium levels. Its absorption maximum at 506 nm makes it compatible with excitation at 488 nm by argon-ion laser sources. Fluo-3 provides intense fluorescence upon binding calcium, detected at a maximum emission at 526 nm which can be monitored by FL1 (green, 525 nm band pass) sensors in flow cytometry.

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-Galactopyranoside-6-sulfate (sodium salt) (4-MU-Gal-6S) is a fluorogenic substrate used to quantify N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase (GALNS) activity. 4-MU-Gal-6S is cleaved by GALNS to release the fluorescent moiety 4-MU. 4-MU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high (7.12-10.3) pH, respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nM, increasing as pH decreases. It has been used to detect Morquio disease type A, a lysosomal storage disorder in which GALNS is deficient. 4-MU-Gal-6S can be used to assess GALNS activity in a very small blood volume to determine the extent of deficiency.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-sulfamino-2-deoxy-α-D-Glucopyranoside (4-MU-α-GlcNS) is a fluorogenic substrate of heparin sulphamidase. Heparin sulphamidase cleaves 4-MU-α-GlcNS to yield 4-MU-α-GlcNH2, which is then cleaved by α-glucosaminidase to release the fluorescent product 4-MU, which displays an emission maxima of 445-454 nm. The excitation maxima for 4-MU is pH-dependent: 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively. 4-MU-α-GlcNS has been used to quantify heparin sulphamidase deficiencies associated with Mucopolisaccaridosis IIIA and other lysosomal disorders.

XTT is a cell-impermeable, negatively charged tetrazolium dye that produces a water-soluble formazan when reduced at the cell surface by cellular-derived NADH and an electron mediator [1,2]. It is frequently used in colorimetric assays to measure cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis [3].

Fura-2 is a ratiometric fluorescent calcium indicator that can be used to detect calcium in cells. It is a pentacarboxylate that displays excitation maxima of 340 and 380 nm at high and low calcium concentrations, respectively, when the emission is fixed at 510 nm, enabling determination of ratiometric measurements of calcium influx in live cells.

1,N6-Ethenoadenosine 5'-monophosphate sodium (1,N6-Etheno-AMP sodium), a fluorescent analog of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), serves as an effective probe for AMP-related systems due to its detectability at low concentrations. It is characterized by an excitation wavelength range of 250-300 nm and emits at 415 nm [1] [2].

Dabcyl acid sodium (DABCYL sodium), a nonfluorescent chromophore and quencher, serves as a molecular beacon in nucleic acid probes for the detection and identification of specific nucleic acids in homogeneous solutions [1] [2].

DCIP sodium, a blue dye, is commonly utilized in various biochemical and biotechnological applications as an indicator of redox reactions. It possesses unique chemical properties that change color according to the oxidation state of the substance being tested. It is frequently used in enzyme assays, such as measuring succinate dehydrogenase activity, or in protein quantification methods (e.g., the Lowry assay).

N-(Aminoethyl)-8-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid sodium (1,8-EDNAS sodium) serves as a multifunctional dye with diverse applications in both scientific and industrial fields. Within biological experiments, this dye enables researchers to investigate cell structures, track biomolecules, assess cell functions, identify various cell types, detect biomolecules, examine tissue pathology, and monitor microorganisms. It is employed extensively in fundamental scientific research and a broad array of clinical diagnostics. Beyond biological uses, 1,8-EDNAS sodium is also integral in traditional sectors like textile dyeing and in innovative areas including functional textile processing, food pigments, and dye-sensitized solar cells.

AZT triphosphate sodium, a labeled modified deoxyoligonucleotide (dNTP), releases pyrophosphate to generate fluorescence and is particularly utilized in gene synthesis and sequencing.

EDANS sodium (5-(2-Aminoethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt) is a donor for developing FRET-based nucleic acid probes that is widely used in real time PCR assays.

Alizarin Red S sodium (ARS sodium) is an anthraquinone dye widely used to evaluate calcium deposits in cell culture[1].

Sulforhodamine B sodium salt (Acid Red 52) is a fluorescent dye. It can be used from laser-induced fluorescence to the quantification of cellular proteins of cultured cells.