HCAR

The Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor (HCAR) family comprises a class of G protein-coupled receptors primarily involved in regulating metabolic processes. The HCAR family comprises HCAR1, HCAR2, and HCAR3, corresponding to GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B respectively. HCAR1 primarily influences lipolysis in adipocytes by regulating lactate levels, whilst HCAR2 and HCAR3 participate in modulating ketone body and nicotinamide metabolism. HCAR2 also plays a significant role in immune cells, influencing immune responses by regulating nicotinamide metabolism. Activation of HCAR receptors is associated with various metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.