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GPCR/G Protein

Cholecystokinin Receptor

Melanin-concentrating Hormone Receptor (MCHR)

(36)

Melanocortin Receptor

Neuropeptide FF Receptor

(16)

Neuropeptide W

(7)

Neuropeptide Y Receptor

Prostaglandin Receptor

(592)

Protease-activated Receptor

Succinate Receptor 1 (SUCNR1)

HCAR

The Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor (HCAR) family comprises a class of G protein-coupled receptors primarily involved in regulating metabolic processes. The HCAR family comprises HCAR1, HCAR2, and HCAR3, corresponding to GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B respectively. HCAR1 primarily influences lipolysis in adipocytes by regulating lactate levels, whilst HCAR2 and HCAR3 participate in modulating ketone body and nicotinamide metabolism. HCAR2 also plays a significant role in immune cells, influencing immune responses by regulating nicotinamide metabolism. Activation of HCAR receptors is associated with various metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Filter HomeSignaling PathwaysGPCR/G ProteinHCAR

GPR81 agonist 1

T626561620992-67-7

GPR81 agonist 1 is a potent and selective GPR81 agonist with high affinity for human and mouse GPR81, inhibiting lipolysis of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, improving insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control in mouse models of insulin resistance and diabetes, and can be used in the study of diabetes and obesity.

GPCR HCAR

$132

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Coumalic acid

Cumalic Acid

T7962500-05-0

Coumalic acid (Cumalic Acid) can be prepared from malic acid. It can be used in the industrial production of spices, flavorings, and cosmetics. It serves as a polymer component as well as an active molecular scaffold with anti-bronchial and malarial activity.

Endogenous Metabolite HCAR Others Parasite

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3-Hydroxybenzoic acid

T484099-06-9

Produced in the gut microflora as one of the three main metabolites formed from the catechin diet. Its use in the production of glycol benzoates for the application of plasticizer in adhesive formulations is increasing. It is also used in the manufacture

Endogenous Metabolite HCAR

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3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic Acid

T748253984-36-4

3-chloro-5-hydroxy Benzoic Acid (3-chloro-5-hydroxy BA) is an agonist of GPR81 (EC50 : 16 μM)

GPCR HCAR Others

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3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

T057099-10-5

3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a metabolite of alkylresorcinols in human urine and plasma, a potential biomarker of food intake such as beer, nuts, peanuts, and legumes, and a selective hydroxycarboxylic acid 1 (HCA1) inhibitor.

Endogenous Metabolite HCAR Tyrosinase

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N-Caproicacid sodium

N-Caproicacid sodium, Hexanoate sodium

TYD-0085810051-44-2

N-Caproicacid sodium is a highly pure biochemical reagent that acts as an agonist for Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (EC50=113 μM).

HCAR Others

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Lactic acid

2-hydroxypropanoic acid

TN694550-21-5

Lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid), a glycolysis end product, is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator (EC50=4.2-5 mM). Lactic acid can be used as a hemodynamic index in critically ill patients and has anti-tumor activity.

Endogenous Metabolite HCAR Others

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LUF 6283

T2293892933-48-7

partial agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2)

HCAR Others

$113

35 days

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GPR81 agonist 2

T727721143024-28-5

GPR81 agonist 2 is a potent agonist targeting the GPR81 receptor, demonstrating EC50 values of 0.023 µM for hGPR81 and 0.123 µM for hGPR109A, respectively.

GPCR HCAR Others

$2,570

10-14 weeks

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5-OxoETE methyl ester

T3730474785-00-5

5-OxoETE methyl ester is an esterified form of the polyunsaturated keto acid 5-oxoETE . 5-OxoETE methyl ester is an agonist of oxoeicosanoid receptor 1 (OXER1; EC50 = 1.54 μM for β-arrestin recruitment) that has a higher maximal response than 5-oxoETE in a β-arrestin assay.

HCAR Others

$339

35 days

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HCAR2 agonist 1

T822331066676-21-8

HCAR2 agonist 1 (Compound 9n), a G i protein-biased allosteric modulator of HCAR2, activates the G i protein signaling pathway and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by reducing mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1). Additionally, it potentiates the anti-inflammatory effects of orthosteric agonists in a mouse model of colitis [1].

HCAR Others