Poneratoxin, a peptide toxin, regulates sodium currents in mammals and induces long-lasting pain [1].

Poneratoxin induces both immediate and sustained nocifensive behaviors in the C57BL/6 J mouse model when administered via a single intraplantar injection at doses ranging from 20 to 600 pmol. In the blowfly model, a single intraperitoneal injection at doses between 0 and 100 nmol/g results in paralysis, with a PD 50 (1 h) of 74.3 nmol/g [1]. [Animal Model: C57BL/6 J mice model [1] Dosage: 20 to 600 pmol Administration: intraplantar injection, single dose Result: Caused spontaneous nocifensive behaviours. Animal Model: blowflies model [1] Dosage: 0-100 nmol/g Administration: Ip, single dose Result: Caused paralysis.]