3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride

TMB dihydrochloride (Sure Blue TMB dihydrochloride) is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and an excellent colorimetric substrate for the detection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled probes used in staining procedures immunohistochemistry.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-glucopyranoside (X-Glc) is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase, producing a blue product under β-galactosidase catalysis, commonly used for in situ β-galactosidase staining and blue-white screening.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-cellobioside is a chromogenic compound used to detect cellobiohydrolases.

X-Gluc Dicyclohexylamine (5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronide cyclohexylammonium salt) is a reagent to detect β-glucuronidase and can be used in molecular biology experiments to mark and select the expression of target genes.

8-(4-ethynylphenyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl BODIPY is an organic fluorescent dye characterized by an ethynylphenyl group at the 8-position of the boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) structure and methyl substituents at the 1, 3, 5, and 7 positions. It boasts a high fluorescence quantum yield and specific chemical properties, making it useful for applications such as fluorescence imaging.

8-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-BODIPY is a derivative based on the BODIPY structure, featuring four methyl groups at positions 1, 3, 5, and 7, with a para-bromophenyl group attached at position 8. This compound finds extensive use in fields such as bioimaging, chemical analysis, and materials science, serving as a fluorescent probe for imaging biological samples, detecting specific chemicals, or in the development of optical materials.

bis-ANS is a high-affinity non-covalent extrinsic fluorescent dye used to analyze protein conformation.[1] Its predominant interaction with proteins is through its hydrophobic phenyl and naphthyl rings.[2] bis-ANS has an excitation maxima of 390 nm.[3] It has an emission maximum of 523 nm when free in solution but undergoes a blue shift with an increase in fluorescence intensity when bound to protein; for example, when bound to intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FAPB2) it has emission maxima of 484-496 nm. bis-ANS has been used to label mechanically damaged neurons in acute brain slices.4 It also potently inhibits microtubule assembly.[5],[6]

Cal Green 1 is a cell-impermeant fluorescent calcium indicator that is characterized by high quantum yield and low phototoxicity. Its peak excitation and emission wavelengths (506 and 531 nm, respectively) are comparable to standard fluorescein dyes, making Cal Green 1 appropriate for fluorescent microscopy. Cal Green 1 is ~5-fold brighter than fluo-3 at saturating calcium levels.

The rapid, selective, and sensitive sensing of thiols is important in diverse areas of research. This thiofluor 623 responds upon exposure to thiols with an increase in fluorescence intensity of up to 120-fold. The response is selective for thiols and occurs in aqueous media. In the absence of thiols, the probe is essentially non-fluorescent; thiols cause cleavage of the probe, generating a fluorophore with an absorption maximum of 563 nm and emission at 623 nm. The fluorescence quantum yield of the cleaved product, generated in response to thiols, increases in more viscous media, suggesting ideal performance in biological systems and applicability to single-molecule or 2-photon sensing schemes. The thiofluor 623 is cell-permeable and reacts selectively with intracellular thiols. The pseudo-first order rate constant (kobs) depends on substrate (e.g., 2.1 x 10-3 s-1 for cysteine, 2.0 x 10-5 s-1 for human serum albumin).

Biotin-11-dUTP [tetra(triethylammonium) salt] [(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(3aR,4S,6R,6aS)-2-oxohexahydro-2H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphorin-3-yl]phosphonate] is used as a fluorescent substitute for dTTP.

Sodium 2,6-dibromo-4-(3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-2,2-dioxido-3H-benzo[d][1,2]oxathiol-3-yl)-3-methylphenolate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64788 and the CAS number is 62625-32-5.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64896 and the CAS number is 129541-41-9.

Sodium 2,2',2'',2'''-((((1,1-dioxido-3H-benzo[c][1,2]oxathiole-3,3-diyl)bis(6-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methyl-3,1-phenylene))bis(methylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T65315 and the CAS number is 1945-77-3.

Sodium 4-(3-(4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl)-1,1-dioxido-3H-benzo[c][1,2]oxathiol-3-yl)-2-isopropyl-5-methylphenolate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66669 and the CAS number is 62625-21-2.

7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid, SE is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T67683 and the CAS number is 96735-88-5.

HMBR are not fluorescent by themselves, but when combined with Y-FAST, they emit yellow light when excited by blue light.

5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein, a lipophilic fluorescent probe conjugated with a free fatty acid derived from fluorescein, is used to analyze membrane fluidity and assess the critical micelle concentration of detergents. Additionally, it serves as a precursor in the synthesis of hydrophobic nanospheres suitable for drug delivery [1] [2] [3].

Fmoc-Lys(5-FITC)-OH serves as a fluorescent marker for polypeptides and proteins, utilizing FITC—a pH and Cu^2+-sensitive dye—as its fluorescence probe for amine labeling [1] [2] [3].

5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl octanoate is an (esterase) chromogenic substrate with C8 specificity that, upon cleavage, yields a blue precipitate.

Aminoallyl-UTP (5-(3-Aminoallyl)uridine-5'-O-triphosphate) is an amine-modified nucleotide utilized in affinity-tagged UTP synthesis. Its incorporation into complementary RNA (cRNA) and bacterial transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) enables the creation of fluorescently labeled probes for microarrays.

2'(3')-O-Anthraniloyladenosine-5'-O-triphosphate (2'-ANT-ATP) and its isomer 3'-ANT-ATP are fluorescent derivatives of ATP that spontaneously isomerize. Emitting a maximum light of 428 nm when excited at 330 nm in water, 2'(3')-ANT-ATP specifically inhibits several types of adenylyl cyclase (AC) including mammalian AC1, AC2, and AC5 with inhibition constants (Kis) of 130, 640, and 120 nM, respectively. It also inhibits Bordetella pertussis AC toxin CyaA with Kis of 1.3 µM (in the presence of manganese) and 20 µM (in the presence of magnesium), Bacillus anthracis AC toxin edema factor with Kis of 0.44 µM (with manganese) and 5.15 µM (with magnesium), and Escherichia coli recombinase A (RecA) with a Ki of 6.3 µM.

TNP-GTP, a fluorescent derivative of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP), essential for protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis, exhibits an emission peak at 552 nm when excited at 410 nm in water. Its fluorescence intensity increases and emission peaks shift to 544 nm and 532 nm in 40% and 80% N,N-dimethylformamide, respectively, due to the solvent's lower polarity compared to water. As a potent inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase (Ki = 2.7 μM), TNP-GTP enhances fluorescence and shifts its emission to 545 nm upon binding to this enzyme, a process reversible by GTP addition. Additionally, it serves as an antagonist to purinergic P2X2 and P2X2 3 receptors (IC50s = 0.4 and 1.2 nM, respectively) and selectively inhibits rat soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC; Ki = 11 nM) over bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; Ki = 2.7 µM) and the calmodulin-dependent B. pertussis adenylyl cyclase (AC) toxin, with inhibition constants of 20 µM and 320 µM in the presence of manganese and magnesium, respectively.

2'(3')-O-Anthraniloylguanosine-5'-O-triphosphate (2'-ANT-GTP) and 3'-ANT-GTP are fluorescent derivatives of GTP that exhibit spontaneous isomerization. 2'(3')-ANT-GTP features an emission peak at 428 nm when excited at 330 nm in aqueous conditions. It functions as an inhibitor of several adenylyl cyclases, notably mammalian adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1; Ki = 10 nM with manganese), inhibits B. anthracis adenylyl cyclase toxin edema factor (Kis = 4.1 and 13 µM with manganese and magnesium, respectively), and B. pertussis adenylyl cyclase toxin CyaA (Ki = 29 µM with manganese).

Cy5-DSPE is a fluorescent phospholipid that combines the cell membrane targeting properties of DSPE with the strong fluorescence of Cyanine 5 (Cy5), commonly used in bioimaging and drug delivery research.