13-hode

(±)13-HODE is one of the two racemic monohydroxy fatty acids resulting from the non-enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid. It is the principle hydroxylated fatty acid in human psoriatic skin scales, with a mean concentration of 17 ng/mg.[1]

(±)13-HODE cholesteryl ester, initially extracted from atherosclerotic lesions, is produced via Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of LDL. Subsequent studies revealed that 15-LO from rabbit reticulocytes and human monocytes could metabolize cholesteryl linoleate (a major LDL component) to 13-HODE cholesteryl ester.

1-Palmitoyl-2-13(S)-HODE-sn-glycero-3-PC (13-HODE-PC) is an oxidized phospholipid with Palmitic acid at the sn-1 position and 13(S)-HODE at the sn-2 position. This compound can compete with 125I-NO2-LDL (5 g ml) for binding to CD36-transfected 293 cells, with an IC50 value exceeding 200 μM.

13(R)-HODE cholesteryl ester was originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions. It remains uncertain whether the oxidized fatty acid portion of the molecule results from enzymatic lipoxygenation or from random lipid peroxidation. 13(R)-HODE cholesteryl ester can be used as a standard for analysis of chiral HODE cholesteryl esters.

13(R)-HODE is the opposite enantiomer of 13(S)-HODE produced when linoleic acid is incubated with soybean lipoxygenase. Its presence in supernatants and membranes of cultured bovine endothelial cells has been attributed to COX metabolism. 13(R)-HODE is a weak (IC50 = 2.7 μM) inhibitor of U-46619-induced platelet aggregation.

13(S)-HODE is the lipoxygenase metabolite of linoleic acid. 13(S)-HODE modulates the platelet-activating factor, leukotriene B4, and formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-induced calcium influx in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The mechanism by which 13(S)-HODE elicits its inhibitory effect is still unclear. The use of biotinylated 15(S)-HETE as a probe for detecting binding proteins and/or receptors that specifically bind 15(S)-HETE provides a basis for similar use of 13(S)-HODE-biotin.

13(S)HODE Ethanolamide is a biochemical used to inhibit the adhesion of tumor cells

(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE) is an important intracellular signaling agent generated by the reaction of linoleic acid with plant and mammalian lipoxygenases. It is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in various biological systems and inhibits the adhesion of tumor cells to the vascular endothelium, while down-regulating IRGpIIb IIIa receptor expression at around 1 μM. Additionally, (S)-Coriolic acid is a metabolite of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and often acts as an endogenous ligand to activate PPARγ. It induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial damage.

Niclosamide (Niclocide)(BAY2353) is used to treat most tapeworm infections by inhibiting DNA replication.

AKT Kinase Inhibitor is an Akt inhibitor with antitumor activity that selectively inhibits cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.

Dupilumab (REGN-668) is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor, thereby inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. As a systemic immunomodulator, it has demonstrated efficacy in improving atopic dermatitis.

Nintedanib (Intedanib) is a triple vascular kinase inhibitor that inhibits VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 (IC50=34 13 13 nM), FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 (IC50=69 37 108 nM), PDGFRα, and PDGFRβ (IC50=59 65 nM). Nintedanib has antitumor activity and inhibits tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis.

Palmatine chloride an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

Cebranopadol (GRT6005) is an analgesic NOP and opioid receptor agonist with Kis of 0.9 nM, 0.7 nM, 2.6 nM, 18 nM for human NOP, μ-opioid (MOP), κ-opioid (KOP) and δ-opioid (DOP) receptor, respectively.

1. Dehydrocorydaline (13-Methylpalmatine) exerts anti-metastatic potential via suppression of MMPs and Bcl-2 signaling in NSC-LC cells. 2. Dehydrocorydaline stimulates p38 MAPK activation, which can enhance heterodimerization of MyoD and E proteins, thus resulting in MyoD activation and myoblast differentiation. 3. Dehydrocorydaline shows antiplatelet effects, it inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a low dose ( IC50= 34.914 ug mL). 4. Dehydrocorydaline has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. 5. Dehydrocorydaline inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis mediated by regulating Bax Bcl-2, activating caspases as well as cleaving PARP.

Blasticidin S HCl is a peptide-based nucleoside antibiotic (antibiotic) isolated from Streptomyces griseochromogenes that inhibits prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis by interfering with the formation of peptide bonds in the ribosome.

Marimastat (BB2516) (BB-2516) is a potent, broad spectrum matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitor. MMP-9 (IC50=3 nM), MMP-1 (IC50=5 nM), MMP-2 (IC50=6 nM), MMP-14 (IC50=9 nM)and MMP-7 (IC50=13 nM).

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor that inhibits HDAC1 activity, induces HDAC2 degradation, and is orally active. Valproic Acid can be used in epilepsy and bipolar disorder research.

Wighteone (Erythrinin B) is a small molecule compound derived from Genista ephedroides with potential antifungal and anticancer activity against EGFR L858R T790M mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a member of the phorbol ester group of natural products, activates PKC, SphK, and NF-κB, and induces THP1 cell differentiation.

BI-9321 trihydrochloride (BI9321 trihydrochloride) is a selective and potent NSD3-PWWP1 antagonist that downregulates Myc messenger RNA expression and reduces proliferation in MOLM-13 cells.

DHODH-IN-13 is an inhibitor of DHODH with IC50 of 4.3 μM for rat liver. DHODH-IN-13 can be used in studies about rheumatoid arthritis.

DMCM hydrochloride is a non-selective fully inverse agonist of benzodiazepine. DMCM showed significant differences in human recombinant GABAA αxβ3γ2 receptor subtypes. For α1, α2, α3, and α5 receptors, their Kis were 10 nM, 13 nM, 7.5 nM, 2.2 nM, respectively.