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Ponasterone A is an ecdysteroid with high affinity for the ecdysteroid receptor. It enables rapid switching on and off of reporter genes and is a potent regulator of gene expression in cells and transgenic animals.

5-Azacytidine (Ladakamycin) is a cytidine nucleoside analog, a DNA methylation inhibitor with specificity. 5-Azacytidine regulates gene expression by decreasing the level of DNA methylation. 5-Azacytidine induces autophagy and has antitumor activity.

Docetaxel (RP-56976), a semi-synthetic analog of paclitaxel, is a microtubule depolymerization inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM) that attenuates the effects of bcl-2 and bcl-xL gene expression and exhibits apoptosis-inducing, anti-tumor activity.

Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, it also exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. α-Terpineol (Terpineol) shows anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits the gene expression of the IL-6 receptor.

N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid (Ac-L-Glu-OH) (NAcGlu) is an acetylated amino acid. NAcGlu is biosynthesized from glutamic acid and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme N-acetyl glutamate synthase (NAGS). NAcGlu activates carbamoyl phosphate synthetase in the urea cycle. A deficiency in N-acetyl glutamate synthase or a genetic mutation in the gene coding for the enzyme will lead to urea cycle failure in which ammonia is not converted to urea, but rather accumulated in the blood leading to the condition called Type I hyperammonemia.

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is a physiological progestin that is produced during glucocorticoid and steroid hormone synthesis and is increased during the third trimester of pregnancy. Hydroxyprogesterone binds to the cytoplasmic progesterone receptors in the reproductive system and subsequently activates progesterone receptor-mediated gene expression.

Piceatannol (Astringenin) is an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative agent. It inhibits p56lck and syk protein tyrosine kinases and inhibits NF-κB activation and gene expression of TNF-induced. It is synthetic from the conversion of resveratrol by cytochrome P450 1B1.

2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-Quinolone (Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal) is a quorum-sensing signalling molecule produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in response to increased cell density. It increases the expression of the lasB gene in P. aeruginosa, the secretion of the metabolites pyocyanin and the lectin PA-IL, as well as increasing biofilm production in P. aeruginosa populations. It also reduces the iron content of the P. aeruginosa growth medium when used at a concentration of 40 μM and acts as an iron chelator in iron sulphate solutions.

Ginsenoside Rb2 (Ginsenoside C) found in species of Panax, upregulating GPR120 gene expression.

1. Gycitein has weak estrogenic activity. 2. Glycitein (Glycetein) inhibits glioma cell invasion through down-regulation of MMP-3 and MMP-9 gene expression.

Halofuginone specifically inhibits collagen type I gene expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) gene expression, which may result in the suppression of angiogenesis, tumor stromal cell development, and tumor cell growth. Halofuginone Hydrobromide is the hydrobromide salt of halofuginone, a semisynthetic quinazolinone alkaloid anticoccidial derived from the plant Dichroa febrifuga, with antifibrotic and potential antineoplastic activities. These effects appear to be due to halofuginone-mediated inhibition of the collagen type I and MMP-2 promoters. Collagen type I and MMP-2 play important roles in fibroproliferative diseases.

Ginsenoside-F3 has immunoenhancing activity by regulating production and gene expression of type 1, type 2 cytokines in murine spleen cells. Ginsenoside-F3 enhances the NF-kappaB DNA binding activity induced by ConA in murine spleen cells (10 μM).

Wedelolactone (IKK Inhibitor II) inhibits NF-κB-mediated gene transcription in cells by blocking the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα.

Kuromanin chloride (Chrysontemin chloride) is potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers, may act as modulators of gene regulation and signal transduction pathways.

4,7-DIHYDROXYCOUMARIN is a naturally occurring coumarin derivative found in a variety of plants, including parsley and chamomile. It has been found to inhibit the activity of several enzymes, including cytochrome P450, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. It can also bind to DNA, regulate gene expression, and inhibit cell cycle progression. It can also induce apoptosis in tumor cells and reduce inflammation.

Lepidiline A (Macaline A) is a flavonoid lignin with anti-inflammatory activity. Lepidiline A showed cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells with IC50 of 32.3 μM. It is the active ingredient of Lepidium meyenii Walpers, a plant in the brassica family, and improves the balance of endogenous sex hormones in mice and the fectility of fruit flies. Lepidiline A targets HSD17B1 gene to enhance enzyme activity, improve the efficiency of sex hormone bioconversion, and improve reproductive ability. Lepidiline A has anticancer activity.

Aureusimine B, also known as phevalin, is a natural pyrazinone produced by certain fungi and by Staphylococcus spp., including S. aureus. Its synthesis appears to be initiated by a conserved nonribosomal peptide synthetase that creates a dipeptide (phenylalanine-valine) aldehyde, which then undergoes cyclization and oxidation. Aureusimine B inhibits calpain in a casein hydrolysis assay (IC50 = 1.3 μM), contributes to S. aureus infection in mice, and alters human keratinocyte gene expression.

L-Aspartic Acid 4-Benzyl Ester is a chelating agent that forms stable complexes with metal ions. It has been used to study the effect of metal ions on enzyme activity and to investigate the role of metal ions in the regulation of gene expression.

Tripdiolide has cytotoxic, and anti-rheumatic activities, it suppresses pro-inflammatory gene expression, may be effective therapy for lupus nephritis.

Ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one is a lanosterane that can be isolated from the substrates of Ganoderma taiwanensis. It exhibits pro-inflammatory properties, stimulating nitric oxide production, inducing gene expression, and promoting the production of TLRs, cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules.

(R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is the (R)-enantiomer of 1,2-Propanediol, derived from glucose via NADH-linked glycerol dehydrogenase gene expression in Escherichia coli.

15-Methoxypinusolidic acid has anti-inflammatory effects, it inhibits LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO production, independent on MAPK and NF-kappaB. 15-Methoxypinusolidic acid suppresses adipocyte differentiation through the inhibition of PPARgamma-dep

Aloenin aglycone (compound 13), an inhibitor of NF-κB, can be sourced from aloe exudate. It impedes TNFα-stimulated NF-κB transcriptional activity, showing an IC 50 of 18.7 μM. At a concentration of 10 μM, aloenin aglycone decreases both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) gene expression in HepG2 cells exposed to 10 ng mL TNFα [1].

Bryonolic acid (20-epi-Bryonolic acid), a triterpenoid extracted from Sandoricum indicum, possesses immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities and protects PC12 cells from NMDA-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Ca2+ in-flux and modulating gene expression in the Ca2+-CaMKII-CREB signalling pathway.