2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-phenyloxazole

2-(Naphthalen-1-yl)-5-phenyloxazole (α-NPO) is an organic fluorescent dye featuring a nitrogen atom, potentially interacting with nitrogen introduced during the amination step [1].

1,N6-Ethenoadenosine 5'-monophosphate sodium (1,N6-Etheno-AMP sodium), a fluorescent analog of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), serves as an effective probe for AMP-related systems due to its detectability at low concentrations. It is characterized by an excitation wavelength range of 250-300 nm and emits at 415 nm [1] [2].

Biotin-16-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (Biotin-16-dUTP) trisodium serves as an enzymatically incorporable substitute for its natural analog, dTTP, in DNA cDNA synthesis, facilitating the production of biotinylated DNA probes for diverse assay applications [1] [2]. Storage recommendation: protect from light.

Z-Gly-Pro-Arg-4MβNA is a thrombin substrate that, when cleaved by thrombin, releases 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine (4MβNA). The liberated 4MβNA reacts with 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde, forming an insoluble yellow fluorescent product, which indicates the site of thrombin activity [1].

Fmoc-Lys(5-FITC)-OH serves as a fluorescent marker for polypeptides and proteins, utilizing FITC—a pH and Cu^2+-sensitive dye—as its fluorescence probe for amine labeling [1] [2] [3].

5-Nitro BAPTA tetramethyl ester, a calcium chelator, is involved in the synthesis of two-photon probes and is used for real-time imaging of intracellular calcium ions and monitoring calcium waves at depths of 100-300 μm in liver tissues for 1100-4000 s. Additionally, in conjunction with fluorescent compound 2-Me-substituted TM, it can form a red fluorescent probe (CaTM-2 AM) [1] [2].

5-Nitro BAPTA, a calcium chelator, combined with 2-Me-substituted TM (as a fluorescent moiety), forms a red fluorescent probe (CaTM-2 AM) for imaging cytoplasmic Ca 2+ in cultured living cells. It serves as a building block for synthesizing Ca 2+ specific chelators, Ca 2+ buffers, and fluorescent Ca 2+ indicators [1] [2].

Biotin-11-dUTP [tetra(triethylammonium) salt] [(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(3aR,4S,6R,6aS)-2-oxohexahydro-2H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphorin-3-yl]phosphonate] is used as a fluorescent substitute for dTTP.

2-4-(2-Cyanoethyl)(2-phenylethyl)aminophenylazo-5-nitrobenzonitrile is characterized by its storage stability and its fluid, nonagglomerating dispersion properties as an azo dye [1].

5(6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein serves as an excellent substrate for the MRP2 vesicular transport assay, offering superior detection and transport characteristics [1].

Fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide is an amine-containing fluorescent probe used for labeling saccharides and protein carbonyl derivatives [1] [2].

bis-ANS is a high-affinity non-covalent extrinsic fluorescent dye used to analyze protein conformation.[1] Its predominant interaction with proteins is through its hydrophobic phenyl and naphthyl rings.[2] bis-ANS has an excitation maxima of 390 nm.[3] It has an emission maximum of 523 nm when free in solution but undergoes a blue shift with an increase in fluorescence intensity when bound to protein; for example, when bound to intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FAPB2) it has emission maxima of 484-496 nm. bis-ANS has been used to label mechanically damaged neurons in acute brain slices.4 It also potently inhibits microtubule assembly.[5],[6]

2'(3')-O-Anthraniloylguanosine-5'-O-triphosphate (2'-ANT-GTP) and 3'-ANT-GTP are fluorescent derivatives of GTP that exhibit spontaneous isomerization. 2'(3')-ANT-GTP features an emission peak at 428 nm when excited at 330 nm in aqueous conditions. It functions as an inhibitor of several adenylyl cyclases, notably mammalian adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1; Ki = 10 nM with manganese), inhibits B. anthracis adenylyl cyclase toxin edema factor (Kis = 4.1 and 13 µM with manganese and magnesium, respectively), and B. pertussis adenylyl cyclase toxin CyaA (Ki = 29 µM with manganese).

Flutax-2 (5 6-mixture), an active fluorescent derivative of paclitaxel, binds to polymerized α,β tubulin dimers, with an excitation emission wavelength of 496 524 nm. Derived from paclitaxel, a diterpenoid secondary metabolite from Taxus species utilized in various cancer research [1], it requires storage protection from light.

5(6)-SFX, SE (Compound SFX-SE) is a fluorescent dye used for labeling primary amines and nascent proteins [1] [2].

1) Non-toxicity: The unique oiliness and high molecular weight characteristics of CelRed prevent it from penetrating cell membranes into cells, and Ames test results also show that the mutagenicity of CelRed dye is much less than EB. 2) High sensitivity:

SYB4 (compound 5) serves as a PET tracer well-suited for imaging the Sigma-2 Receptor in the brains of nonhuman primates [1].

2'-Deoxy-1,N6-ethenoadenosine-5'-O-triphosphate (ε-dATP), a fluorescent derivative of 2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-O-triphosphate (dATP), promotes sister chromatid exchange in stimulated primary mouse spleen T- and B lymphocytes with LPS or concanavalin A at concentrations of 50 to 150 µM. Utilized in ambiguous base pairing investigations within vinyl chloride-induced mutagenesis research, ε-dATP, along with its related compound ε-ATP—which exhibits an emission peak at 415 nm after being excited at 300 nm—contributes to understanding genetic alterations mechanisms.

EDANS sodium (5-(2-Aminoethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt) is a donor for developing FRET-based nucleic acid probes that is widely used in real time PCR assays.

10-(4-(Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)phenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-5H-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinin-4-ium-5-uide, a derivative of BODIPY, serves as a fluorescent indicator specifically for the detection of Pb 2+ with an excitation at 504 nM and emission at 510 nM [1] [2].

Compound 5, 2,3-Di(furan-2-yl)quinoxaline, is a blue-fluorescent quinoxaline derivative that is cell-permeable and demonstrates sufficient brightness at a micromolar concentration of 1.5 μM [1].

5(6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (cDCFDASE) serves as a fluorescent probe for assessing the intracellular pH (pH in) in living cells under various external pH conditions (pH ex) [1]. This compound is utilized to measure pH dynamics within cells, facilitating critical insights into cellular function and behavior.

FFN246, a fluorescent probe, concurrently targets the serotonin transporter (SERT) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), exhibiting excitation and emission spectra at 392 427 nm, respectively. It serves to label serotonergic neurons within mouse brain tissue via SERT-dependent accumulation [1].

5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein, a lipophilic fluorescent probe conjugated with a free fatty acid derived from fluorescein, is used to analyze membrane fluidity and assess the critical micelle concentration of detergents. Additionally, it serves as a precursor in the synthesis of hydrophobic nanospheres suitable for drug delivery [1] [2] [3].