4methylumbelliferyl βdgalactopyranoside6sulfate (sodium salt)

4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-Galactopyranoside-6-sulfate (sodium salt) (4-MU-Gal-6S) is a fluorogenic substrate used to quantify N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase (GALNS) activity. 4-MU-Gal-6S is cleaved by GALNS to release the fluorescent moiety 4-MU. 4-MU fluorescence is pH-dependent with excitation maxima of 320 and 360 nm at low (1.97-6.72) and high (7.12-10.3) pH, respectively, and an emission maximum ranging from 445 to 455 nM, increasing as pH decreases. It has been used to detect Morquio disease type A, a lysosomal storage disorder in which GALNS is deficient. 4-MU-Gal-6S can be used to assess GALNS activity in a very small blood volume to determine the extent of deficiency.

6-Ethyl-7-hydroxy-4-methylchromen-2-one is a fluorescent dye.

DAPI Dihydrochloride (FxCycle Violet) is A cell-permeable fluorescent probe. By binding to small forests rich in A-T DNA sequences, it is used to stain DNA and chromosomes, with a preference for DNA rich in adenine and thymine.

7-(2,4-Dinitrophenoxy)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (Compound 1) serves as a fluorescent probe for detecting hydrogen sulfide (H2S). It is characterized by a low detection limit (4×10^-6 mol L), high selectivity, and great sensitivity. At a concentration of 150 µg mL, it exhibits negligible cytotoxicity. The excitation wavelength is 331 nm, while in DMSO solvent, it emits at approximately 385 nm; upon addition of HS-, the fluorescence intensity significantly increases around 392 nm.

6, 8-Difluoro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin NHS ester is a molecule with an excitation wavelength of 365 nm and an emission wavelength of 460 nm. The NHS ester can be used to label primary amines (-NH2) on proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules.

bis-ANS is a high-affinity non-covalent extrinsic fluorescent dye used to analyze protein conformation.[1] Its predominant interaction with proteins is through its hydrophobic phenyl and naphthyl rings.[2] bis-ANS has an excitation maxima of 390 nm.[3] It has an emission maximum of 523 nm when free in solution but undergoes a blue shift with an increase in fluorescence intensity when bound to protein; for example, when bound to intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FAPB2) it has emission maxima of 484-496 nm. bis-ANS has been used to label mechanically damaged neurons in acute brain slices.4 It also potently inhibits microtubule assembly.[5],[6]

Ac-ANW-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate for the β5i/LMP7 subunit of the 20S immunoproteasome. [1] Upon cleavage, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) is released, and its fluorescence quantifies the activity of the β5i/LMP7 subunit. AMC displays excitation/emission maxima of 340-360/440-460 nm, respectively.

Biotin-11-dUTP [tetra(triethylammonium) salt] [(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(3aR,4S,6R,6aS)-2-oxohexahydro-2H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphorin-3-yl]phosphonate] is used as a fluorescent substitute for dTTP.

Fluorescein-6-isothiocyanate is a fluorescein derivative whose isothiocyanate group binds to nucleophilic reagents such as amines, thiols, and carbonyl groups on proteins. With an emission/excitation wavelength of 495/520 nm, 6-FITC can label antibodies, proteins, and peptides.

6-(4-Acetamido-1,8-naphthalamido)hexanoic acid is a versatile dye utilized across various domains. Employed extensively in biological experiments, this dye serves to analyze and monitor cell structures, differentiate cell types, and assess cellular functions. It aids in the detection of biomolecules, facilitates tissue pathology studies, and tracks microorganisms. Beyond basic research, its applications extend to clinical diagnostics and other fields including textile dyeing, functional textile processing, food coloring, and dye-sensitized solar cells.

DAPI (dilactate), a blue fluorescent dye, primarily targets and binds to AT clusters within the minor groove of dsDNA, significantly enhancing fluorescence by about 20-fold upon binding. It is particularly effective in staining the nucleus, allowing for clear identification of the cell cycle phases, while it does not stain the cytoplasm. The dilactate form of DAPI exhibits greater water solubility compared to its dihydrochloride counterpart. [1] [2]

NBD-X acid is an environmentally sensitive fluorescent probe used to study biological polymers such as lipids and proteins, with a higher labelling yield than NBD and significantly reduced fluorescence intensity in aqueous solutions. NBD-X acid emits green to yellow fluorescence with excitation/absorption wavelengths of 465/535 nm.

CelRed nucleic acid gel stain 10,000× concentrate in water is a fluorescent dye used for nucleic acid staining, suitable for staining and detecting dsDNA, ssDNA, or RNA in agarose gels or polyacrylamide gels.

6-CR110 [6-Carboxyrhodamine 110] *Single isomer* is a Fluorescein for peptide and oligonucleotide labeling. Compared to fluorescein labeling reagents such as FITC and FAM, CR110 reagents give more photostable and pH-independent bioconjugates that have the absorption maximum around the preferred 488 nm excitation wavelength. They are photostable alternative reagents superior to FITC and FAM.