caspase

Tauroursodeoxycholate (UR 906), also known as ursodoxicoltaurine, is a highly hydrophilic tertiary bile acid that is produced in humans at a low concentration. Tauroursodeoxycholate is the more hydrophilic form of ursodeoxycholic acid, which is the more abundant naturally produced bile acid in humans.Tauroursodeoxycholate is being investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK is a pan-caspase inhibitor with irreversible properties; Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK is also an inhibitor of ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), which is irreversibly modified by targeting the UCHL1 active site.

Emricasan (IDN-6556) is a pan-caspase inhibitor with irreversible properties. Emricasan has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity and can be used in the treatment of infections and liver failure, etc. Emricasan also inhibits Zika virus infections.

Z-VAD-FMK (Caspase Inhibitor VI) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of caspases.Z-VAD-FMK binds to activated caspases and inhibits apoptosis.Z-VAD-FMK does not inhibit UCHL1 activity, even at concentrations up to 440 μM.

Fenbufen (Lederfen) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used primarily to treat inflammation in osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and tendinitis. It can also be used to relieve backaches, sprains, and fractures. Fenbufen is available as a capsule or tablet sold with the brand names Cepal, Cinopal, Cybufen, Lederfen, and Reugast. Fenbufen acts by preventing cyclooxygenase from producing prostaglandins which can cause inflammation.

Crustecdysone (Hydroxyecdysone) is a steroid hormone that regulates the processes of molting or ecdysis in insects.

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid (12-Deoxycholyltaurine) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid.

Belnacasan (VX-765) is an orally active inhibitor of IL-converting enzyme caspase-1.

AA-Z-YVAD-FMK is a Irreversible caspase-1 inhibitor,with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.

Biotin-VAD-FMK is a cell-permeable, irreversible biotin-labeled inhibitor of caspase. It is used to identify active caspases in cell lysates.

Boc-D-FMK is an irreversible, cell-permeable, and broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor and inhibits apoptosis stimulated by TNF-α (IC50: 39 µM).

Nivalenol is a fungal metabolite produced by Fusarium graminearum. Nivalenol induces cell death through caspase and intrinsic apoptotic pathways thus affecting the immune system and causing emesis, growth retardation, and reproductive disorders.

Caspase-3-IN-2 (Compound 4d) acts as an inhibitor of α-Chymotrypsin. It also exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV protease and caspase 3, with inhibition rates of 57% and 51% respectively at a concentration of 100 μM.

1. Dehydrocorydaline(DHC) not only inhibits antibody-mediated allergic reactions but also influences cell-mediated allergic reactions, and the inhibitory effect of Corydalis Tuber on allergic reactions may be partially attributed to DHC. 2. Dehydrocorydal

Chelidonic acid (Jervaic acid) is a component of Chelidonium majus L., used as a mild analgesic, an antimicrobial, an acentral nervous system sedative. Chelidonic acid (Jervaic acid) also shows anti-inflammatory activity.

1. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone (5,7-Dihydroxy-4H-Chromen-4-One) isolated from DME is one of the active compounds that may contribute to regulate blood glucose levels. 2. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone exerts neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating Nrf2 ARE signal . 3. 5,7-Dihydroxychromone induces the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus and increases Nrf2 ARE binding activity which results in the up-regulation of the expression of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes, including HO-1, NQO1, and GCLc.

1. Senkyunolide I has neuroprotective effect, associated with its anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis properties.

Taurohyodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium taurohyodeoxycholate hydrate) prevents apoptosis by blocking a calcium-mediated apoptotic pathway as well as caspase-12 activation.

Caspase-3 activator 3 (compound 2h) effectively induces apoptosis in HL-60 and K562 cells by substantially activating caspase-3, demonstrating antileukemic activity with IC50 values of 42.89 μM and 33.61 μM, respectively [1].

Caspase-3 Activator 2 (Compound 2f) is a caspase 3 activator with cytotoxic effects on HL-60 and K562 cells, exhibiting IC 50 values of 33.52 μM and 76.90 μM, respectively [1]. It facilitates apoptosis, rendering it useful in cancer research.

Kea1-97 is a selective disruptor of interaction between thioredoxin and caspase-3 (IC50 = 10 μ M). Kea1-97 destroys the interaction between thioredoxin and caspase 3 and activates caspases without affecting the activity of thioredoxin.

δ-secretase inhibitor 11 is an inhibitor of δ-secretase and can be used as a lead compound for translational development of AD treatment.

Dehydrotrametenolic acid (Dehydroeburicoic acid) induces necrotic cell death that involves Ca(2+) overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calpain activation in human glioblastomas.

Arnicolide D is a sesquiterpene lactone. Arnicolide D isolates from Centipeda minima. Arnicolide D modulates the cell cycle, activates the caspase signaling pathway and inhibits the PI3K AKT mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways. Arnicolide D inhibits Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Arnicolide D exerts strong cytotoxic activity on the human colon carcinoma HT-29 cell line.