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BC 11-38 is a potent, selective PDE biodepressant which is mainly effective against PDE11 (IC50 : 0.28 μM).

Nelfinavir (AG1341) is an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Ki=2 nM). Nelfinavir is a broad-spectrum, anticancer agent.

Nitric oxide production-IN-1 (Compound 1) is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production extracted from Tupistra chinensis. It effectively suppresses NO synthesis in rat abdominal macrophages upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide [1].

Rotenone (Rotocide) is a natural product and a botanical insecticide. Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport complex I inhibitor that promotes the production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria and induces apoptosis.

DI-87 (TRE-515) is a novel and orally available dCK (deoxycytidine kinase) inhibitor with good in vitro activity and low protein binding. DI-87 binds to dCK and prevents the phosphorylation of deoxycytidine by dCK, which reduces the production of dNTP and cell cycle arrest (especially in S phase). When combined with thymidine, DI-87 significantly inhibits tumor growth.

Elamipretide (MTP-131) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant tetrapeptide (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2) that reduces toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and stabilizes cardiolipin, with blood-brain-barrier permeability. It is a potential therapeutic agent in the rare disease of Barnes syndrome.

Deferoxamine(Desferrioxamine B) is an iron chelator (binds Fe(III) and many other metal cations) that inhibits neuronopathy, may be used to modify the reduction of iron accumulation and deposition in tissues, and may improve neurological dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis and neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury.Desferrioxamin-B has antioxidant, antiproliferative, Deferoxamine has antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities, and can induce HIF-1α production, apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells.Desferrioxamin-B can be used in the treatment of acute iron toxicity and COVID-19 related diseases.

(L)-Sodium lactate (Sodium L-Lactate) is produced from pyruvate by the enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase. Lactate production occurs during anaerobic glycolysis or in proliferatively active cells. L-Lactic Acid occurs in small quantities in the blood and muscle fluid of man and animals. The lactic acid concentration increases in muscle and blood after vigorous activity. L-Lactic acid is also present in liver, kidney, thymus gland, human amniotic fluid, and other organs and body fluids.

Imeglimin hydrochloride (EMD 387008 hydrochloride) is an oral hypoglycemic agent. Imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity, inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species, increases mitochondrial DNA, and improves mitochondrial function.

Liraglutide (Liraglutida) is a synthetic analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an agonist of the GLP-1 receptor. Liraglutide can be used to treat type 2 diabetes and chronic obesity.

FX-11 (LDHA Inhibitor FX11) is A potent, selective and competitive specific inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) with a Ki of 8 μM. FX-11 can activate PKM2 (pyruvate kinase M2). FX-11 can reduce ATP levels, induce oxidative stress and ROS production, and cause cell death. FX-11 appeared antitumor activity during xenotransplantation of lymphoma and pancreatic cancer.

Resiniferatoxin ((+)-Resiniferatoxin) is a highly potent synthetic TRPV1 agonist that inhibits the production of Th1 cytokines and has anti-inflammatory activity, reducing serum levels of IL-12, INF-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, and PGE.

Pirfenidone (AMR69) inhibits the production of CCL2 and CCL12 in fibroblasts and also decreases TGF-β2 protein levels. Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic agent that is commonly used in studies related to pulmonary fibrosis and also has anti-inflammatory activity.

2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a second messenger in cellular innate immunity, catalyzed by cGAMP synthase (cGAS) under DNA binding conditions. It binds to STING to form a dimer, inducing the production and expression of interferon-β and other cytokines.

Gordonoside J, a compound isolated from the stem of Chrysanthemum officinale, inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide production in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNS).

C-176 (STING inhibitor 1) is a STING inhibitor with selectivity and blood-brain barrier permeability. C-176 inhibits STING-mediated IFNβ production and possesses anti-inflammatory activity.

Glycogen phosphorylase-IN-1 is a selective and potent inhibitor of human hepatic glycogen phosphorylase (hlGPa) with inhibitory effects on hlGPa activity and on hepatocyte glycogen-derived glucose production, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus and canine lupus.

Traxanox TFA is an orally available diuretic. Traxanox TFA enhances phagocytosis of yeast granules by mouse peritoneal macrophages or rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. Traxanox TFA restores inhibition of antibody production in BALB c mice. Traxanox TFA is also effective in restoring antibody production in BALB c mice. Traxanox TFA has been shown to enhance phagocytosis in BALB c mice.

ROS-IN-1 is a mitochondrial ROS inhibitor used to reduce oxidative stress or inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Aucuparin (2,6-dimethoxy-4-phenylphenol) is a plant antibiotic with anti-inflammatory activity. Aucuparin inhibited pulmonary fibrosis in mouse models induced by bleomycin (BLM). ABTS and FRAP showed clear scavenging activity. Aucuparin inhibited superoxide production of human neutrophils induced by fmlp, and its IC50 was 17.0μM.

AKB-6899 is an inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase domain 3 (PHD3) and increases the soluble form of the VEGF receptor (sVEGFR-1) production from GM-CSF-treated macrophages. AKB-6899 leads to stabilization of HIF-2α which induces sVEGFR-1 production from tumor-associated macrophages and decreases tumor growth.

EM 163 is a TIR-TIR interaction inhibitor, which is a TIR (Toll interleukin-1 receptor) structural domain mimic of the MyD88 protein. EM 163 targets the TIR structural domain in the IL-1 receptor and blocks the interaction with MyD88. EM 163 inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines in vivo caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). EM 163 protects mice from SEB shock-induced death. In rat hippocampal neurons in vitro, EM 163 blocked the activation of p38 and the inhibitory effect of IL-1β on chemically induced long-term potentiation (LTP)-triggered protein synthesis.

Cot inhibitor-1 hydrochloride is an inhibitor of tumor progression loci-2 kinase (IC50 = 28 nM) and inhibits the production of TNF-α in human whole blood (IC50 = 5.7 nM).

Niridazole (Ambilhar) is an antiparasitic compound belonging to nitroimidazoles. Niridazole is primarily used to treat schistosomiasis, which kills the parasite by interfering with its metabolism. Niridazole rapidly concentrates in the parasite, inhibits egg and sperm production, and inhibits phosphofructokinase activity.