muscle

MEDICA16 is a selective agonist for GPR40 as well as a partial agonist for GPR120. MEDICA16, an ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor, significantly reduces intracellular TG content in gastrocnemius muscle with an increase in insulin sensitivity.

Felodipine (CGH-869) is a longlasting 1, 4-dihydropyridine calcium channel repressor.

Zolmitriptan (311C90) selectively binds to and activates serotonin (5-HT) 1B receptors expressed in intracranial arteries and 5-HT 1D receptors located on peripheral trigeminal sensory nerve terminals in the meninges and central terminals in brainstem sensory nuclei. Zolmitriptan is a member of the triptan class of agents with anti-migraine properties. Receptor binding results in constriction of cranial vessels, reduction of vessel pulsation and inhibition of nociceptive transmission, thereby providing relief of migraine headaches. Zolmitriptan may also relieve migraine headaches by inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.

Methocarbamol (AHR 85) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.

Khellin (Methafrone) is a vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action.

S-23 ((S)-3-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide) is an oral selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) with a Ki of 1.7 nM. S-23 increases prostate, seminal vesicle, and levator ani muscle weights in castrated rats.

Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione) is a steroid hormone isolated from the adrenal cortex.

Xanthinol Nicotinate (Complamin) is a potent vasodilator that can easily enter the cell and causes an increase in glucose metabolism resulting in an increased energy.

Vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate (BAY38-9456) is a new type PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.

Vardenafil hydrochloride is a New Phosphodiesterase Type 5(PDE5) Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Diabetes

Mivacurium dichloride (Mivacurium chloride) is a non-depolarising, rapid neuromuscular blocker of short duration, used therefore as anesthetic, to provide skeletal muscle relaxation in minor surgical operations, in emergency surgical procedures of short to intermediate duration and during intubation of the trachea.

Karanjin is a flavonoid obtained from the seeds of the karanja tree.Karanjin induces GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells by increasing AMPK activity. Karanjin can induce cancer cell death through cell cycle arrest and enhance apoptosis.

Thiocolchicoside (Thiocolchicine 2-glucoside analog) (Muscoril, Myoril, Neoflax) is a muscle relaxant with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. It acts as a competitive GABAA receptor antagonist and also glycine receptor antagonist with similar potency and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to a much lesser extent. It has powerful convulsant activity and should not be used in seizure-prone individuals.

Losartan Carboxylic Acid (E-3174), a potent AT1 antagonist (Kis: 0.57 nM, rat; 0.67 nM, human), produces a depressor response and vasodilatation. As a metabolite of losartan, it is more potent than losartan in blocking angiotensin II-induced responses in vascular smooth muscle cells.

(±)-1,2-Diolein [1,2-Dioleoyl-rac-glycerol] is a PKC activator that can increase Ca²⁺ influx in myotubes.

Vardenafil dihydrochloride (Levitra) is a new type PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.

Darusentan (Lu-135252) is a potent inhibitor of endothelin signaling and function in large and small arteries.

BQ-123 is a selective endothelin A receptor (ETA) antagonist with IC50 of 7.3 nM. Phase 2.

CCG-222740 is an inhibitor of Rho/MRTF pathway

Azumolene (EU4093 free base)

PD 089828 is a competitive inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases FGFR1, PDGFRβ, and EGFR (IC50s = 0.15, 1.76, and 5.47 µM, respectively) and a noncompetitive inhibitor of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Src (IC50 = 0.18 µM)

1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone (Desmethylbellidifolin) is a natural xanthone extracted from Gentianella acuta, exhibiting antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory activities. Dimethylbellidifolin shows mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA97, and TA2637 by the preincubation method and significantly inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at a dose of 200 µg/disk.

Muscle homing peptide M12 preferentially binds to proteins on the surface of muscle cells. It enhances the cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) in myoblasts. Additionally, Muscle homing peptide M12 is covalently attached to PLGA-PEG nanoparticles through an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester reaction, with the bonding occurring at the α-amino group at the N-terminus of the peptide chain.

Skeletal muscle-targeted peptide MSP, a muscle-targeting peptide (MTP) composed of seven amino acids (ASSLNIA), selectively binds to various ligands in muscle tissues. This targeting capability makes it a useful tool in researching cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases.