Bradykinin (acetate) is an active peptide that is generated by the kallikrein-kinin system. It is a inflammatory mediator and also recognized as a neuromediator and regulator of several vascular and renal functions. Enzymatically produced from kallidin in the blood, it is a powerful vasodilator that causes smooth muscle contraction, and may mediate inflammation. It has a role as a human blood serum metabolite and a vasodilator agent. It is a tautomer of a bradykinin(2+).

Exogenous bradykinin markedly inhibited TF expression in mRNA and protein level induced by LPS in a dose-dependent manner.?Moreover, the NO synthase antagonist L-NAME and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 dramatically abolished the inhibitory effects of bradykinin on tissue factor expression.?PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation induced by bradykinin administration reduced the activity of GSK-3β and MAPK, and reduced NF-x03BA;B level in the nucleus, thereby inhibiting TF expression.Intraperitoneal injection of C57/BL6 mice with bradykinin also inhibited the thrombus formation induced by ligation of inferior vena cava.

To study the effect of bradykinin on TF expression, we used Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce TF expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and monocytes.?Transcript levels were determined by RT-PCR, protein abundance by Western blotting.?In the in vivo study, bradykinin and equal saline were intraperitoneally injected into mice for three days ahead of inferior cava vein ligation that we took to induce thrombus formation, after which bradykinin and saline were injected for another two days.?Eventually, the mice were sacrificed and tissues were harvested for tests[1].

DMSO: 250 mg/mL (223.16 mM), Sonication is recommended.