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AutophagyAutophagy
Autophagy is the natural, regulated mechanism of the cell that removes unnecessary or disfunctional components. It allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. Three forms of autophagy are commonly described: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). In macroautophagy, expendable cytoplasmic constituents are targeted and isolated from the rest of the cell within a double-membraned vesicle known as an autophagosome, which, in time, fuses with an available lysosome, bringing its specialty process of waste management and disposal; and eventually the contents of the vesicle (now called an autolysosome) are degraded and recycled.
- PaclitaxelT096833069-62-4Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a natural product and a microtubule polymer stabilizer. Paclitaxel has anti-tumor activity and causes cell death by inducing mitotic arrest, apoptosis, and cell autophagy.
- $34
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Cited - Bafilomycin A1T674088899-55-2Bafilomycin A1 belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics and is a V-ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.44 nM) that is specific and reversible. Bafilomycin A1 is an inhibitor of the late phase of autophagy, blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Bafilomycin A1 also induces apoptosis.
- $287
SizeQTY Cited - CapivasertibT19201143532-39-1Capivasertib (AZD5363) is a broad-spectrum AKT inhibitor with inhibitory activity against Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 (IC50=3 7 7 nM) with oral activity. Capivasertib has antitumor activity for the treatment of breast cancer.
- $34
SizeQTY Cited - CHIR-99021T2310252917-06-9CHIR-99021 (CT99021) is an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and a GSK-3α/β inhibitor (IC50=10/6.7 nM) with selective and oral activity.CHIR-99021 induces cellular autophagy, which enhances self-renewal in mouse and human embryonic stem cells.
- $36
SizeQTY Cited - MitoSOX RedT753421003197-00-9In houseMitoSOX Red is a novel fluorescent probe that is specific and cell membrane-permeable and targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is oxidized by superoxide upon entry into the mitochondria and is not oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in the mitochondrion and produces a strong red fluorescence.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevents the oxidation of MitoSOX Red.
- $1,070
SizeQTY - OlaparibT3015763113-22-0Olaparib (KU0059436) is a small molecule inhibitor of PARP1 PARP2 (IC50=5 1 nM), with weak inhibitory activity against PARP tankyrase-1 (IC50=1.5 μM), and is selective and orally active. Olaparib exhibits autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy activation activity.
- $31
SizeQTY Cited - MG-132T2154133407-82-6MG-132 (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al) is a cell-permeable, reversible 26S proteasome inhibitor (IC50=100 nM) that functions as an autophagy activator and induces apoptosis.
- $40
SizeQTY Cited - VerteporfinT3112129497-78-5Verteporfin (BPD-MA) is a YAP inhibitor that inhibits YAP-TEAD interactions. Verteporfin is also a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy. Verteporfin also induces apoptosis and inhibits autophagy.
- $34
SizeQTY Cited - RapamycinT153753123-88-9Rapamycin (AY 22989) is a natural product of macrolides, an mTOR inhibitor with specificity (HEK293 cells: IC50=0.1 nM). Rapamycin has immunosuppressive activity and induces autophagy.
- $30
SizeQTY Cited - Doxorubicin hydrochlorideT102025316-40-9Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) belongs to the anthracycline class of antibiotics and is an inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I II (IC50=0.8 2.67 μM). Doxorubicin hydrochloride exhibits cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Doxorubicin hydrochloride reduces the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target protein acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, and induces apoptosis and autophagy.
- $34
SizeQTY Cited - ForskolinT293966575-29-9Forskolin (Coleonol) is a natural product, an adenylate cyclase activator (EC50=0.5 μM). Forskolin increases cAMP levels, activates PXR and FXR, and induces autophagy. Forskolin produces positive inotropic effects in the heart, and has platelet anticoagulant and antihypertensive effects.
- $36
SizeQTY Cited - EnzalutamideT6002915087-33-1Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist (IC50=36 nM in LNCaP) that activates autophagy, exhibits antitumor activity, and is commonly used in treating desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer.
- $40
SizeQTY Cited - AtezolizumabT99021380723-44-3Atezolizumab is an antibody inhibitor, a humanized monoclonal antibody, IgG1, which targets PD-L1 and blocks the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1. Atezolizumab has antitumor activity and promotes T-cells to attack tumor cells.
- $229
SizeQTY - VenetoclaxT21191257044-40-8Venetoclax (ABT-199) is a Bcl-2 inhibitor (Ki<0.01 nM) with potent, selective, and orally active properties. Venetoclax has a 3-order-of-magnitude lower affinity for Bcl-xL and Bcl-W (Kis=48 245 nM). Venetoclax induces autophagy and apoptosis.
- $48
SizeQTY Cited - CisplatinT156415663-27-1Cisplatin (CDDP) is a DNA cross-linking agent. Cisplatin has antitumor activity and inhibits DNA synthesis by forming DNA adducts in cancer cells. Cisplatin also activates ferroptosis and induces autophagy.
- $28
SizeQTY Cited - 3-MethyladenineT18795142-23-43-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a PI3K inhibitor that selectively inhibits class IB PI3Kγ (IC50 = 60 μM) and class III VPS34 (IC50 = 25 μM). 3-Methyladenine inhibits autophagy.
- $35
SizeQTY Cited - RuxolitinibT1829941678-49-5Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) is a JAK1 2 inhibitor (IC50=3.3 2.8 nM) that is potent and selective. Rixolitinib exhibits antitumor activity and induces autophagy and apoptosis.
- $53
SizeQTY Cited - Vinorelbine ditartrateT6213125317-39-7Vinorelbine ditartrate (KW-2307) is a natural alkaloid and an anti-mitotic agent. Vinorelbine ditartrate has anti-tumor activity, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.
- $30
SizeQTY Cited - StreptozocinT150718883-66-4Streptozocin (NSC-85998) is an antibiotic that induces DNA methylation. Streptozocin is toxic to insulin-producing pancreatic islet B-cells and is commonly used in the construction of animal models of type 1 diabetes. The product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be dispensed now.
- $30
SizeQTY Cited - TelaglenastatT67971439399-58-2Telaglenastat (CB 839) (IC50 of 24 nM), an effective, specific, and oral inhibitor, which is bioavailable glutaminase, for recombinant human GAC.
- $32
SizeQTY Cited - (+)-JQ-1T21101268524-70-4(+)-JQ-1 (JQ1) is a specific, reversible BET bromine domain inhibitor that targets BRD4 (1 2) with IC50 values of 77 33 nM. (+)-JQ-1 induces cell autophagy and inhibits cell proliferation.
- $30
SizeQTY Cited - GCN2iBT113752183470-12-2GCN2iB, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2), exhibits an IC50 of 2.4 nM.
- $77
SizeQTY - Ruxolitinib phosphateT30431092939-17-7Ruxolitinib phosphate (INCB018424)(INCB018424 phosphate) is the first potent, selective, JAK1 2 inhibitor to enter the clinic with IC50 of 3.3 nM 2.8 nM, >130-fold selectivity for JAK1 2 versus JAK3.
- $44
SizeQTY Cited - ElexacaftorT149352216712-66-0Elexacaftor (VX-445) is a modulator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and it also facilitates the processing and trafficking of CFTR to increase the amount of CFTR at the cell surface.
- $89
SizeQTY - ChloroquineT868954-05-7Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.
- $54
SizeQTY Cited - OxaliplatinT016461825-94-3Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) is a DNA alkylating agent, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Oxaliplatin causes DNA cross-linking damage, preventing DNA replication and transcription and leading to cell death. Oxaliplatin induces autophagy.
- $50
SizeQTY Cited - TamoxifenT690610540-29-1Tamoxifen (ICI47699) is a selective and orally effective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Tamoxifen has both inhibitory (e.g., mammary cells) and activating (e.g., bone, liver, and uterine cells) activity against estrogens.
- $39
SizeQTY Cited - MK-2206 dihydrochlorideT19521032350-13-2MK-2206 dihydrochloride (MK-2206 2HCl) is a variant Akt inhibitor that inhibits Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 (IC50=8 12 65 nM) with orally active, highly potent and selective potency. MK-2206 dihydrochloride exhibits antitumor activity.
- $30
SizeQTY Cited - Mdivi-1T1907338967-87-6Mdivi-1 (Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1) is a mitochondrial division inhibitor that inhibits DRP1 and Dynamin I (IC50=1-10 μM). Mdivi-1 inhibits mitochondrial autophagy.
- $39
SizeQTY Cited - GemcitabineT025195058-81-4Gemcitabine (LY188011) is a synthetic cytosine nucleoside derivative and an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Gemcitabine has antitumor and antimetabolic activities. Gemcitabine induces autophagy and apoptosis.
- $34
SizeQTY Cited - ResatorvidTQ0181243984-11-4Resatorvid (TAK-242), a selective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor, binds directly to Cys747 to prevent TLR4-TIRAP interaction, thereby blocking downstream signaling. Resatorvid exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities.
- $45
SizeQTY Cited - MyricetinT0579529-44-2Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a natural flavonoid and MEK1 inhibitor. Myricetin has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.
- $30
SizeQTY Cited - Spautin-1T19371262888-28-7Spautin-1 is an autophagy inhibitor that suppresses the deubiquitination activity of ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP10 and USP13. Spautin-1 inhibits UPR and exhibits preferential cytotoxicity in glucose-starved cancer cells.
- $33
SizeQTY Cited - RegorafenibT1792755037-03-7Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) is an orally active, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits RET, C-RAF, VEGFR2, c-Kit, VEGFR1, and PDGFRβ, exhibiting both antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity.
- $30
SizeQTY Cited - Indole-3-Glyoxylyl ChlorideT061822980-09-2Indole-3-glyoxylyl chloride (3-Indoleglyoxylyl chloride) can be used in chemical synthesis, such as bisindolylmaleimide.
- $98
SizeQTY - MetforminT8526657-24-9Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) is an AMPK activator with blood-brain barrier permeability. Metformin may improve glycemic control by increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal glucose uptake, and is commonly used in type 2 diabetes research.
- $39
SizeQTY Cited - CurcuminT1516458-37-7Curcumin (Natural Yellow 3) is a phenolic natural product, an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase p300 CREB (IC50=25 μM) with specificity. Curcumin has a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.
- $30
SizeQTY Cited - SorafenibT0093L284461-73-0Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a multikinase inhibitor that targets Raf-1, B-Raf, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, VEGFR4, PDGFRβ, FLT3, c-Kit, and others (IC50=6 22 90 15 20 20 57 58 nM) with oral activity. It exhibits antitumor properties and can induce autophagy, apoptosis, and agonistic iron death.
- $34
SizeQTY Cited - BortezomibT2399179324-69-7Bortezomib (LDP 341) is a 20S proteasome inhibitor (Ki=0.6 nM) that is reversible and selective. Bortezomib has antitumor activity and inhibits NF-κB, which can disrupt the cell cycle and induce apoptosis.
- $38.4
- $48
SizeQTY Cited - Urolithin AT71741143-70-0Urolithin A is a natural product, a metabolite of ellagic acid, which inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis and autophagy. Urolithin A exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
- $42
SizeQTY Cited - CapsaicinT1062404-86-4Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin) is a natural product extracted from Capsicum annuum, and is a TRPV1 agonist (EC50=0.29 μM). Capsaicin has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.
- $50
SizeQTY Cited - TemozolomideT117885622-93-1Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA alkylating agent with blood-brain barrier permeability and oral activity. Temozolomide has antitumor activity and antiangiogenic activity, and also induces apoptosis and autophagy. Temozolomide is stable under acidic conditions and hydrolyzes under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions.
- $42
SizeQTY Cited - DeferoxamineT12435870-51-9Deferoxamine（Desferrioxamine B） is an iron chelator (binds Fe(III) and many other metal cations) that inhibits neuronopathy, may be used to modify the reduction of iron accumulation and deposition in tissues, and may improve neurological dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis and neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury.Desferrioxamin-B has antioxidant, antiproliferative, Deferoxamine has antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities, and can induce HIF-1α production, apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells.Desferrioxamin-B can be used in the treatment of acute iron toxicity and COVID-19 related diseases.
- $64
SizeQTY Cited - Necrostatin-1T18474311-88-0Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) is a specific RIP1 inhibitor and necrotic apoptosis inhibitor, which inhibits TNF-α-induced necrotic apoptosis and also inhibits IDO.
- $24
- $30
SizeQTY Cited - LY294002T2008154447-36-6LY294002 (SF 1101) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K, inhibiting PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ (IC50=0.5/0.57/0.97 μM). LY294002 is also an inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC50=1.4 μM) and an inhibitor of CK2 (IC50=98 nM). LY294002 activates apoptosis and autophagy.
- $27.2
- $34
SizeQTY Cited - Brefeldin AT606220350-15-6Brefeldin A (Cyanein) belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics and is an ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Brefeldin A can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, and also possesses autophagy inhibitory activity.
- $34
SizeQTY Cited - Nordihydroguaiaretic acidTJS2190500-38-9Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural product, extracted from Pole Fork Kelaroa, and is a lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor (IC50=8 μM). Nordihydroguaiaretic acid possesses antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
- $25
SizeQTY Cited - Flavopiridol hydrochlorideT2615131740-09-5Flavopiridol hydrochloride (MDL 107826A) is a synthetic N-methylpiperidinyl chlorophenyl flavone compound. As an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase, alvocidib induces cell cycle arrest by preventing phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and by down-regulating cyclin D1 and D3 expression, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This agent is also a competitive inhibitor of adenosine triphosphate activity.
- $44
SizeQTY - DexamethasoneT107650-02-2Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties that induces autophagy and inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.
- $29
SizeQTY Cited - ATG7-IN-1T397052226229-87-2In houseATG7-IN-1 is a selective ATG7 inhibitor with an IC50 of 62 nM.
- $329
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