anti-inflammatory activity

Cefazolin sodium (cephazolin sodium) salt binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Cefazolin sodium salt is the sodium salt of cefazolin, a beta-lactam antibiotic and first-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity, which results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and cell lysis.

Paeoniflorin (Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.

TRIA-662 (Nicotinamide Chloromethylate) is a niacin metabolite excreted via the urinary system.

Cefazolin is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin that has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

Cimicoxib (UR8880) is a potent and selective inhibitor of COX-2 with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.

Aloesin is a C-glycosylated chromone compound found in aloe (Liliaceae) that inhibits tyrosinase (IC50 = 0.9 mM), an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the first step of the conversion of tyrosine to melanin.

1. Peimisine (Ebeiensine) can affect M-receptor, excit β-receptor, restrain the release of internal calcium, and promote to releaseing nitrogen monoxidum in order to relax tracheal smooth muscle and relieve asthma. 2. Peimisine can attenuate lung tissue injury( ALI), LDH and MDA amount in ALI mice in a dose dependent manner, it also lower the total protein, total white blood cells, lymphocyte and neutrophilic leukocyte in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF); suggests that peimisine can play a protective role against LPS-induced acute lung injury. 3. Peimisine has the protective effect on the experimental hepatic fibrosis formation, the possible mechanisms are associated with inhibiting fibrogenesis and fibrosis accumulation, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. 4. Peimisine can inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner, displaying 5 % inhibitory concentration values of 526.5 microM, thus, it may have antihypertensive action.

ML385 is an NRF2 inhibitor (IC50=1.9 μM) with novelty and specificity. ML385 has anti-inflammatory activity by modulating anti-oxidative stress through the inhibition of NRF2. ML385 also exhibits anti-tumor activity.

5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA) is a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits P21-activated kinase 1(PAK1) and NF-Κb. 5-Aminosalicylic Acid has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. 5-Aminosalicylic acid can inhibit the activity of osteopontin (OPN).

3-Deazaadenosine hydrochloride is an inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (Ki: 3.9 µM). It has anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-HIV activity.

Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and apoptosis-inducing activities. It inhibits the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages, significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine expression in neutrophils and monocytes, suppresses LPS-induced macrophage inflammation, and induces autophagy. It is commonly used to induce animal models of depression, muscle atrophy, and hypertension, and holds potential in COVID-19 research.

Bucladesine sodium (DC2797) is a cAMP analog with cell-permeable properties. Bucladesine sodium is also a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activator and a phosphodiester (PDE) inhibitor. Bucladesine sodium has anti-inflammatory activity.

JSH-23 is an NF-κB inhibitor that inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity (IC50=7.1 μM) but does not affect IκBα degradation. JSH-23 is an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory activity.

PAF (C16) is a potent MAPK and MEK/ERK activator that induces increased vascular permeability. PAF (C16) (PAF (C16)) is a platelet-activating factor, a phospholipid-derived mediator and a ligand for PAF G protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). PAF (C16) has shown anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, inhibiting Caspase-dependent apoptosis by interacting with its receptor (PAF-R) to perform cell signaling.

GW9662 (TIMTEC-BB SBB006523) is a PPARγ antagonist (IC50=3.3 nM) with selectivity. GW9662 can be used to study the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, by inhibiting the activity of PPARγ. GW9662 can be used to study the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. GW9662 has anti-tumor effect.

Pirfenidone (AMR69) inhibits the production of CCL2 and CCL12 in fibroblasts and also decreases TGF-β2 protein levels. Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic agent that is commonly used in studies related to pulmonary fibrosis and also has anti-inflammatory activity.

Baricitinib (INCB028050) is a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor (IC50=5.9/5.7 nM) with selective and oral activity. Baricitinib has potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activity.

Troglitazone (Romglizone) is a PPARγ agonist with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity.

Resiniferatoxin ((+)-Resiniferatoxin) is a highly potent synthetic TRPV1 agonist that inhibits the production of Th1 cytokines and has anti-inflammatory activity, reducing serum levels of IL-12, INF-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, and PGE.

TRC051384 is a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inducer that reduces stroke-associated neuronal damage and increases survival in a rat model of transient ischemic stroke, activates heat shock factor-1 and leads to elevated molecular chaperone and anti-inflammatory activity, and enhances Hsp72 expression in neurons and glial cells.

Punicalin exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-hepatotoxic activities, it shows inhibitory activity on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.11 microg/ml (0.14 microM).

1. Ginkgetin has anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. 2. Ginkgetin has anti-inflammatory activity, can down-regulates COX-2 induction in vivo against skin inflammatory responses. 3. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor and may be a useful lead

C-176 (STING inhibitor 1) is a STING inhibitor with selectivity and blood-brain barrier permeability. C-176 inhibits STING-mediated IFNβ production and possesses anti-inflammatory activity.

Leupeptin hemisulfate is a protease inhibitor with cell membrane-permeable, reversible, competitive, and oral activities. Leupeptin hemisulfate inhibits the activity of Cathepsin B, Cathepsin H, and Cathepsin L, and blocks fusion of amphipathic lysosomes. Leupeptin hemisulfate also has anti-inflammatory activity.