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Terpenoids

The terpenoids, sometimes called isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from terpenes. Most are multicyclic structures with oxygen-containing functional groups. About 60% of known natural products are terpenoids. Plant terpenoids are used for their aromatic qualities and play a role in traditional herbal remedies. Terpenoids contribute to the scent of eucalyptus, the flavors of cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, the yellow color in sunflowers, and the red color in tomatoes. Well-known terpenoids include citral, menthol, camphor, salvinorin A in the plant Salvia divinorum, the cannabinoids found in cannabis, ginkgolide and bilobalide found in Ginkgo biloba, and the curcuminoids found in turmeric and mustard seed. Many terpenes have biological activities and are used for the treatment of human diseases. The worldwide sales of terpene-based pharmaceuticals in 2002 were approximately US $12 billion. Among these pharmaceuticals, the anticancer drug Taxol and the antimalarial drug Artimesinin are two of the most renowned terpene-based drugs. All terpenoids are synthesized from two five-carbon building blocks. Based on the number of the building blocks, terpenoids are commonly classified as monoterpenes (C10), sesquiterpenes (C15), diterpenes (C20), and sesterterpenes (C25). These terpenoids display a wide range of biological activities against cancer, malaria, inflammation, and a variety of infectious diseases (viral and bacterial). In last two decades, natural-product bioprospecting from the marine environment has resulted in hundreds of terpenoids with novel structures and interesting bioactivities, with more to be discovered in the future. There is no doubt that more terpenoid-based clinical drugs will become available and will play a more significant role in human disease treatment in the near future.

  • Forskolin
    T293966575-29-9
    Forskolin (Coleonol) is a natural product, an adenylate cyclase activator (EC50=0.5 μM). Forskolin increases cAMP levels, activates PXR and FXR, and induces autophagy. Forskolin produces positive inotropic effects in the heart, and has platelet anticoagulant and antihypertensive effects.
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  • Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
    TQ019816561-29-8
    Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a member of the phorbol ester group of natural products, activates PKC, SphK, and NF-κB, and induces THP1 cell differentiation.
    • $44
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  • TAXUSIN
    TN676319605-80-2
    Taxusin is a natural product form Taxus wallichiana.
    • $133
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  • Nimbolide
    T1632425990-37-8
    Nimbolide suppresses CDK4 CDK6 kinase activity. Nimbolide inhibits the NF-κB, Wnt, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Nimbolide causes apoptosis through the inactivation of NF-κB. Nimbolide is a triterpene derived from the leaves and flowers
    • $81
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  • Abietic Acid
    T3090514-10-3
    Abietic Acid (Sylvic acid) is the primary component of resin acid isolated from rosin.
    • $45
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  • Deoxynivalenol
    T1509751481-10-8
    Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. of the single trichothecene family and is commonly found in contaminated food and feed.Deoxynivalenol crosses the intestinal mucosa via a cellular bypass at the tight junctions.Deoxynivalenol transporters are unaffected by inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (PgP) or multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Deoxynivalenol commonly causes diarrhea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal inflammation in humans and animals.
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  • 20-O-Acetylingenol-3-angelate
    TQ009982425-35-2
    20-O-Acetylingenol-3-angelate (Euphorbia factor Pe1) is a natural compound found in the leaves and stems of the plant Inga. It has a variety of biological activities including tumor growth inhibition, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antioxidant effects.
    • $219
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  • Nuezhenidic acid
    TN1073183238-67-7
    Nuezhenidic acid is a natural product, posseses inhibitory activities against influenza A virus.
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  • Squalene
    T4749111-02-4
    Squalene (AddaVax) is a natural organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil, though there are botanical sources as well, including rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. All higher organisms produce squalene, including humans. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity.
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  • Retinoic acid
    T1051302-79-4
    Retinoic acid (Tretinoin), a metabolite of vitamin A, is a natural agonist of the retinoic acid receptor RAR and inhibits RARα β γ (IC50=14 nM). Retinoic acid induces cellular differentiation, reduces cellular proliferation, and inhibits tumorigenesis.
    • $33
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  • Venuloside A
    TN72561609278-97-8In house
    Venuloside A (ESK246), a monoprostane glycoside from Pittosporum venulosum, is a LAT3 inhibitor and a leucine uptake inhibitor that inhibits the transporter of leucine through LAT3, and may be used in the study of prostate cancer.
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  • Tauroursodeoxycholate
    T253214605-22-2
    Tauroursodeoxycholate (UR 906), also known as ursodoxicoltaurine, is a highly hydrophilic tertiary bile acid that is produced in humans at a low concentration. Tauroursodeoxycholate is the more hydrophilic form of ursodeoxycholic acid, which is the more abundant naturally produced bile acid in humans.Tauroursodeoxycholate is being investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
    • $50
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  • Brusatol
    TQ021114907-98-3
    Brusatol (NSC-172924) is a natural product isolated from the Brucea javanica plant. It inhibits Nrf2.
    • $60
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  • Arteannuin B
    T3S144750906-56-4
    1. Arteannuin B has potent antimalarial activity.
    • $36
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  • Maslinic acid
    T37724373-41-5
    Maslinic acid (Crategolic acid) is a DNA polymerase B inhibitor.
    • $30
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  • Tomentosin
    T7567833649-15-9
    Tomentosin, a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Caspian sea raspberry, has potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells.
    • $413
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  • Ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one
    TN398332507-77-0
    Ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one is a lanosterane that can be isolated from the substrates of Ganoderma taiwanensis. It exhibits pro-inflammatory properties, stimulating nitric oxide production, inducing gene expression, and promoting the production of TLRs, cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules.
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  • Notoginsenoside Ft1
    T5761155683-00-4
    Notoginsenoside Ft1 is a saponin originally isolated from P. notoginseng with diverse biological activities
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  • Ginsenoside C-K
    T381139262-14-1
    Ginsenoside C-K (Ginsenoside K) is a bacterial metabolite of G-Rb1 exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects by reducing iNOS and COX-2.
    • $110
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  • Raddeanin A
    T387889412-79-3
    Raddeanin A (NSC-382873) has moderate inhibitory activity against histone deacetylases (HDACs). Raddeanin A has high antiangiogenic potency, antitumor activity.
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  • Zingibroside R1
    T496280930-74-1
    Zingibroside R1 (Ginsenoside Z-R1) has anti-HIV-1 activity.
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  • Canthaxanthin
    T5852514-78-3
    Canthaxanthin (E 161g) is a red-orange carotenoid that belongs to the xanthophyll group. This naturally occurring pigment is present in bacteria, algae and some fungi.
    • $44
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  • Costunolide
    T2902553-21-9
    Costunolide (Costus lactone) has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties and mediates apoptosis.
    • $55
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  • Oleuropein
    T691732619-42-4
    Oleuropein is an antioxidant polyphenol isolated from olive leaf.
    • $43
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  • Docetaxel
    T1034114977-28-5
    Docetaxel (RP-56976), a semi-synthetic analog of paclitaxel, is a microtubule depolymerization inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM) that attenuates the effects of bcl-2 and bcl-xL gene expression and exhibits apoptosis-inducing, anti-tumor activity.
    • $30
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  • Geraniol
    T5665106-24-1
    geraniol provides a potent protective effect against cardiac dysfunction induced by diabetes. This ameliorative effect could be attributed to its suppression of oxidative stress.
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  • Albiflorin
    T6S165339011-90-0
    1. Albiflorin (Alibiflorin) has anticonvulsant effect for pain relief. 2. Albiflorin and paeoniflorin has neuroprotective action against Glu toxicity. 3. Albiflorin and paeoniflorin significantly ameliorated Glu-induced reduction of cell viability, nuclear and mitochondrial apoptotic alteration, reactive oxygen species accumulation and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) Bax ratio. 4. Albiflorin can serve as a new chemical marker for the quality control of Paeoniae Radix and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia can be updated, via has similar anti-inflammatory effects to paeoniflorin.
    • $31
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  • Simvastatin
    T068779902-63-9
    Simvastatin (MK 733) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (Ki=0.2 nM) with oral activity. Simvastatin has hypolipidemic activity, inhibits hepatic production of cholesterol, and is also used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
    • $36
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  • Roseoside
    TN491854835-70-0
    Roseoside ((6S,9R)-roseoside), a sesquiterpenoid isolated from Catharanthus roseus, has strong antioxidant and proinsulinic activity, inhibits lipid oxidation, enhances insulin release from the β-cell line INS-1, and can be used in cancer research.
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  • Saikogenin A
    T168385092-09-1
    Saikogenin A is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.
    • $198
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  • Artemisic acid
    T4S145280286-58-4
    1. Artemisic acid ((+)-Artemisinic Acid) shows antibacterial activity. 2. Artemisinic acid is a major precursor of artemisinin (an antimalaric compound), isolated as the active principles of the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L.
    • $38
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  • Soyasaponin Bb
    T3S033551330-27-9
    1. Soyasaponin Bb (Soyasaponin I) can suppress Eca-976 cell growth, reverse effects on over expression of c-met, VEGF, and induce cell apoptosis through inhibiting HDAC1-NF-kappaB and activating PETEN and caspase-3 signaling pathways.
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  • Licoricesaponin A3
    TN1865118325-22-7
    Licoricesaponin A3 is a terpenoid saponin extracted from Gymnostachyum febrifugum Benth., which has good affinity for 5-LOX receptors.
    • $2,198
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  • Andropanolide
    TQ0073869807-57-8
    Andropanolide is a dipterocarbon from Andrographis paniculata with anti-HIV, antimalarial and anticancer activities and inhibits Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 macrophages.
    • $1,698
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  • Isoalantolactone
    T2829470-17-7
    Isoalantolactone (Isohelenin), isolated from Inula spp., can inhibit the growth of several types of Y cells.
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  • Pasakbumin B
    TN2043138809-10-6
    Pasakbumin B (13-alpha-(21)-Epoxyeurycomanone) is a bioactive compound from Eurycoma longifolia Jack.
    • $116
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  • Miltirone
    TN102327210-57-7
    Miltirone is a CYPs inhibitor, it has been characterized as a low-affinity ligand for central benzodiazepine receptors.
    • $135
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  • Oridonin
    T279028957-04-2
    Oridonin (NSC-250682) is a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens with anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. It acts as an inhibitor of AKT, with IC50s of 8.4 and 8.9 μM for AKT1 and AKT2.
    • $45
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  • Triptolide
    T217938748-32-2
    Triptolide (PG490) belongs to the tricyclic diterpenoid group of natural products and is an inhibitor of NF-κB activation. Triptolide exhibits immunosuppressive, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-tumor activities.
    • $37
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  • (1(10)E,2R*,4R*)-2-Methoxy-8,12-epoxygermacra-1(10),7,11-trien-6-one
    TN115975412-95-2
    [(1(10)E,2R,4R)]-2-Methoxy-8,12-epoxygermacra-1(10),7,11-trien-6-one, a sesquiterpene from turmeric, is also known as (1(10)E,2R*,4R*)-2-Methoxy-8,12-epoxygermacra-1(10),7,11-trien-6-one.
    • $208
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  • AKBA
    T5S156967416-61-9
    AKBA (3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid), a natural component from frankincense, is a novel activator of Nrf2.
    • $36
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  • Notoginsenoside Fc
    T3S159188122-52-5
    1. Notoginsenoside Fc has perfect anti-platelet aggregatory effect.
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  • Ganoderic acid A
    T6S114181907-62-2
    1. Ganoderic acid A exhibits antitumor activity, mediated through its inhibitory effect on nuclear transcription factor-kappaB and activator protein-1. 2. Ganoderic acid A can induce proliferation inhibition, apoptosis and suppression of invasion in human
    • $39
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  • Triptonide
    T5S105838647-11-9
    1. Triptonide (PG 492) is effective in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and has potent antileukemic and antitumor activities. 2. Triptonide possesses anti-inflammatory activity, upregulate the expression of IL-37, and this expression was suppressed by ERK1 2 and p38 MAPK inhibitors.
    • $51
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  • Carboxyatractyloside
    T817077228-71-8
    Carboxyatractyloside (Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium salt) is a natural product. It acts as an inhibitor of ADP ATP carrier, inhibits mitochondrial ADP ATP transport.
    • $64
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  • Salaspermic acid
    TN493471247-78-4
    Salaspermic acid, a triterpenoid isolated from the stem bark of Kokoona ochracea, is an inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV replication in H9 lymphocytes, and can be used to study HIV infection.
    • $1,226
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  • Lovastatin
    T120775330-75-5
    Lovastatin (MK-803) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (IC50=3.4 nM). Lovastatin lowers cholesterol and is commonly used as a lipid-lowering agent in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
    • $34
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  • Polygalic acid
    T3S21971260-04-4
    Polygalic acid (Senegenic acid), a triterpenoid saponin, is a major active ingredient in Polygala tenuifolia. Polygalic acid shows expectorant, emetic and stimulant effects.
    • $100
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  • Eriocalyxin B
    TN162084745-95-9
    Eriocalyxin B induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells through caspase- and p53-dependent pathways, should be considered a candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment; it is a specific inhibitor of STAT3, it directly target
    • $313
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  • Asperuloside
    T384714259-45-1
    Asperuloside (Asperulosid) has anti-inflammatory activity.
    • $55
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