5-Azacytidine (Ladakamycin) is a cytidine nucleoside analog, a DNA methylation inhibitor with specificity. 5-Azacytidine regulates gene expression by decreasing the level of DNA methylation. 5-Azacytidine induces autophagy and has antitumor activity.

(R)-Pantetheine (Pantetheine) is the biologically active form of VB5 (pantothenic acid), which occurs in nature in various forms of Pantetheine-containing ligands (PCL). (R)-Pantetheine increases platelet cell membrane fluidity and inhibits platelet aggregation.

Flucytosine (NSC 103805) is a pyrimidine compound and a fluorinated cytosine analog exhibiting antifungal activity.

Capsiate is an orally active TRPV1 agonist, a non-irritating capsaicin analog that acts as an antiallergic agent with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and inhibitory angiogenic activity.

β-Citryl-L-glutamic acid (β-Citrylglutamic acid) is an endogenous metabolite present in the developing brain, capable of activating aconitase activity as an iron carrier.

Epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine is an N(6)-acyl-L-lysine derivative that establishes cross-links between extracellular matrix (ECM) components through the catalytic activity of the enzyme tissue transglutaminase (tTg), and Epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)-lysine has been implicated in the pathological remodeling of tissues in diseases such as non-diabetic kidney disease and in the progression of glaucoma filtration, rendering it a critical biomarker and mechanistic factor in extracellular matrix biology.

3-Amino-2-piperidinone is a metabolite from all living organisms and can be used as a cyclic ornithine analogue.

N-benzyl-heptadecanamide (N-Benzylheptadecanamide) is a macamide in maca.

2-Thiouracil (Deracil) is a thiolated uracil derivative that is a known anti-hyperthyroid agent.

N-BENZYLFORMAMIDE is a natural product from Lepidium meyenii Walp.

DL-Isoleucine exhibits anti-glycation activity in RAW 264.7 cells and exhibits millimolar-level cytotoxicity against SW620, CACO2, SW480, and fibroblast cells.

L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride) is a highly polar small zwitterionic molecule that functions as an essential cofactor for mitochondrial β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs into mitochondria for subsequent degradation via β-oxidation, thereby supporting cellular energy metabolism. L-Carnitine hydrochloride also displays antioxidant activity and can mitigate metabolic imbalances associated with numerous inborn errors of metabolism, positioning it as an important agent in metabolic research.

N-Phenethylacetamide is an amide derivative of phenethylamine that can be used as a reference standard for quality control and analytical testing, and it can also be employed as an effective antimicrobial agent for use in aquaculture systems.

Benzothiazolone is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is Fr16664 and the CAS number is 934-34-9.

N(delta)-acetylornithine is a non-protein amino acid and a defence-related plant metabolite, primarily found in Arabidopsis. The inclusion of N(delta)-acetylornithine in feed can reduce the reproduction of Myzus persicae and exhibits certain toxic properties.

N-Vanillyloctanamide is a capsaicinoid from the fruits of Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum. N-Vanillyloctanamide reduces the radical length of Lactuca sativa seedling, this inhibition being dose-dependent.

9(E)-Octadecenamide (Elaidamide) is a fatty acid amide and endogenous metabolite that inhibits rat microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) with a Ki of 70 nM.

DL-Asparagine is a racemic mixture consisting of L-asparagine and its enantiomeric form, belonging to the class of amino acids. DL-Asparagine is commonly used as a nitrogen source or nutritional supplement in culture media to support the growth and metabolic studies of microorganisms such as bacteria.

Hexanoyl Glycine is an acylated amino acid and endogenous metabolite serving as a urinary biomarker, exhibiting inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and urease.

Gamma-Glutamylcysteine is a natural dipeptide containing cysteine and glutamic acid, serving as a precursor to glutathione (GSH) and a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Gamma-Glutamylcysteine exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating IL-10 whilst downregulating TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.

Ferrichrome (iron-free) is an iron carrier derived from isoxazolates produced by various fungi, including U. sphaerogena, which enhances iron chelation and absorption in these organisms. In bacteria, Ferrichrome (iron-free) can be utilized as an exogenous iron carrier, such as in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Ferrichrome (iron-free) (0.8 μM) inhibits the proliferation of mouse splenic monocytes induced by concanavalin A and reduces the expression of the IL-2 receptor on CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, Ferrichrome (iron-free) inhibits the heme-catalyzed oxidation of LDL by hydrogen peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner.

Oxalate Oxidase is a manganese-containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of oxalate to carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide; it is widely found in plants and certain microorganisms. Oxalate Oxidase is commonly used in the quantitative detection of oxalate, the development of biosensors, and research on plant stress response mechanisms, and it may participate in defense-related processes through the production of H₂O₂.

L-Histidine monohydrocholoride is the essential amino acid. It is highly water-soluble and is commonly used in cell culture media, buffer systems, and biochemical research. Its imidazole side chain can participate in metal ion binding and acid-base buffering, playing a crucial role in protein structural stability and enzymatic catalysis.