Leupeptin hemisulfate is a protease inhibitor with cell membrane-permeable, reversible, competitive, and oral activities. Leupeptin hemisulfate inhibits the activity of Cathepsin B, Cathepsin H, and Cathepsin L, and blocks fusion of amphipathic lysosomes. Leupeptin hemisulfate also has anti-inflammatory activity.

Angiotensin II is a major biologically active vasoconstrictor peptide that regulates blood pressure by binding to AT1R and AT2R receptors. It stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, promotes aldosterone synthesis, and enhances renal function. Additionally, it induces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and increases collagen synthesis, leading to vascular and myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. It also promotes apoptosis and endothelial capillary formation. Angiotensin II is commonly used to induce hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy animal models.

Aureobasidin A is a cyclic peptide and an antifungal antibiotic. Aureobasidin A is an inhibitor of the inositolphosphorylceramide synthase AUR1.

Bestatin hydrochloride (Ubenimex hydrochloride) is an inhibitor of aminopeptidase N (APN) CD13 and aminopeptidase B.

Segetalin B is a natural product from Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke, has estrogen-like activity.

Leu-Leu-OH is a derivative dipeptide of leucine that can be used to study the function of the double leucine motif, is present as a metabolite in the human body, and is also detected in certain bacteria (e.g. Mycoplasma genitalium).