Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin) is a natural antioxidant flavonoid from Ampelopsis grossedentata. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor of dihydropyrimidinase with an IC50 of 48 μM. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy by inhibiting mTOR signaling.

Phellamurin inhibits intestinal P-glycoprotein in a dose-dependent manner, there is a serious interaction occurred between Phellamurin with cyclosporin, to ensure the efficacy of cyclosporin, we suggest that the coadministration of Phellamurin or Phellode

Sanggenon C is a flavanone Diels-Alder adduct compound isolated from the root bark of Morus alba. Sanggenon C can inhibit NF-κB activity, inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 cells, and inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated cell adhesion and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression; Sanggenon C also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and also has the effect of inhibiting pancreatic lipase. [1,2]

Taxifolin (Dihydroquercetin) is a flavonoid in many plants such as Taxus chinensis, Siberian larch, Cedrus deodara and so on.

Dihydrokaempferol (Aromadendrin) is a natural product. It induces apoptosis and inhibits Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity

Padmatin (Blumeatin C) is a component of the heartwood of Prunus puddum.

Silybin A is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silicristin, silidianin and others. Silibinin itself is a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, in approximately equimolar ratio. Both in vitro and animal research suggest that silibinin has hepatoprotective (antihepatotoxic) properties that protect liver cells against toxins. Silibinin has also demonstrated in vitro anti-cancer effects against human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, estrogen-dependent and -independent human breast carcinoma cells, human ectocervical carcinoma cells, human colon cancer cells, and both small and nonsmall human lung carcinoma cells.

1. Engeletin (Dihydrokaempferol 3-rhamnoside) may serve as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. 2. Engeletin possesses potent inhibition of PGE2 release with IC5 values of 19.6 μg/ml. 3. Engeletin inhibits a recombinant human aldose reductase (IC5 value=1.16 microM).

Pinobanksin 3-acetate (3-O-Acetylpinobanksin), a flavonoid derivative, is a strong antioxidant found in sunflowers and honey that inhibits LDL peroxidation.

Taxifolin 7-O-rhamnoside (Taxifolin 7-O-α-L-rhamnoside) is a natural product derived from Hypericum japonicum.

Isosilybin (Isosilibinin) and Silybin might be suitable candidates to design potent PXR antagonists to prevent drug-drug interactions via CYP3A4 in cancer patients.

Silychristin (Silicristin) is a plant growth regulator. Silychristin is an anti-hepatotoxic agent. Silychristin is the inhibitor of horseradish peroxidases and lipoxygenase.

Astilbin (Neoastilbin) is actions Flavonoid phytochemical found in St. John′s wort and Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal preparations.

Pinobanksin is a natural flavonoid that induces apoptosis in B-cell lymphoma cell lines and SH-SY5Y cells. It is a potent antioxidant that inhibits the peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and is able to occupy the catalytic center of xanthine oxidase (XO) and thus inhibit it. Pinobanksin also exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, anti-mutagenic, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects.

Isosilybin A is a partial PPARγ agonist, it significantly induced ABCA1 protein expression, it inhibited both monophenolase (IC50=1.7-7.6μM) and diphenolase (IC50=12.1-44.9μM) of tyrosinase. Isosilybin A shows anti-angiogenic efficacy, it has anti-prostate cancer (PCA) activity that is mediated via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.

Isoastilbin is a dihydroflavonol glycoside compound found in Rhizoma Smilacis glabrae and Astragalus membranaceus. Isoastilbin inhibits glucosyltransferase (GTase) with an IC50 value of 54.3 μg/mL and possesses anti-acne and tyrosinase inhibition properties. Additionally, isoastilbin demonstrates neuroprotective, antioxidation, antimicrobial, and anti-apoptotic properties, indicating potential for Alzheimer's disease research.

Silybin is a flavonoid from Silybum that inhibits P-glycoprotein-assisted extracellular efflux, inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes, has the advantage of being well-tolerated, can be used as an adjunctive treatment for hepatotoxicity and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in cosmetic applications, as well as being capable of blocking the MCT8 transporter protein.

Silybin B (Silibinin B) is an effective inhibitor of raloxifene 4 '- and 6-glucosalylation, an effective anti-fibrinogenic and anti-oligomeric component of Silymarin, with free radical scavenging activity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-pyridinyl hydrazine (DPPH), and a protective effect against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity by alleviating DNA damage and apoptosis. Silybin B can inhibit the growth of human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells and induce apoptosis.

Isosilybin B is a flavonolignan extracted from silymarin that exhibits anti-prostate cancer (PCA) activity, inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and contributes to G1-phase blockade and apoptosis.Isosilybin B induces degradation of the androgen receptor.

Sinensin is a flavonoid from the herbs of Cudrania cochinchinensis.

(±)-Taxifolin ((±)-Dihydroquercetin) is the racemate of Taxifolin, a flavonoid with anti-tyrosinase and anti-fibrotic activity, commonly found in onion, silymarin, French maritime pine bark, and Douglas fir bark. It inhibits collagenase with an IC50 value of 193.3 μM and acts as a free radical scavenger with antioxidant capacity.

Taxifolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside, a flavonoid primarily located in endosperm, functions in defense against pathogens and UV damage.

Neosmitilbin (Neoastilbin) may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, it shows potent inhibition of lens aldose reductase.

Fustin is the phytogenic flavanol component of the plant Rhus verniciflua Stokes. Fustin shows protective effects on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death.