NNK is a nitrosated derivative of nicotine that activates the ERK1/2 and PKCα signaling pathways, induces Bcl2 phosphorylation at Ser70, and activates c-Myc at Thr58 and Ser62, thereby promoting the proliferation and survival of human lung cancer cells, and is commonly used to establish lung cancer mouse models.

Nicotinamide riboside chloride, also known as NR and SRT647, is a pyridine-nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that functions as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD+.

Nicotinamide, a vitamin B3 derivative, is an inhibitor of SIRT1 (IC50=50-180 μM) and SIRT2 (IC50=2 μM). Nicotinamide can be used as a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD+, which can be supplemented by dietary intake and can prevent or treat melanoglossia and pellagra.

Trigonelline chloride (Coffearine Hydrochloride), an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee.

Cyclopamine (11-Deoxojervine) is a natural small molecule steroidal alkaloid extracted from plants of the genus Aconitum. Cyclopamine acts as an antagonist of the Hedgehog pathway with an IC50 of 46 nM in cellular assays. Additionally, Cyclopamine functions as a selective Smo inhibitor. Cyclopamine is applicable for research in embryonic development, tumorigenesis, and targeted therapies.

Harmane (Loturine) is a bio-active β-Carboline and monoamine oxidase inhibitor found in coffee and tobacco smoke.

Cytisinicline (Sophorine), an alkaloid, is found naturally in several plants.

Ricinine (1,2-Dihydro-4-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxonicotinonitrile) is a major alkaloid in Ricinus communis plant with hepatoprotection in CCl4 -induced liver damage.

Tomatidine serves as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. Additionally, it induces autophagy in both mammalian cells and C. elegans.

Trigonelline (Trigenolline), an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity, is present in considerable amounts in coffee.

Atazanavir (BMS-232632)(BMS-232632) is an highly effective HIV-1 protease inhibitor.

Piperlongumine (Piplartine) is a natural alkaloid from Piper longum L. It selectively kills cancer cells and strengthens the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Atazanavir sulfate (BMS-232632 sulfate) is an azapeptide and HIV-protease inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infections and AIDS in combination with other anti-HIV agents.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) is the 4-methanol form of vitaminB6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid.

(-)-Securinine (Securinine) is plant-derived alkaloid and also a GABAA receptor antagonist.

Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist synthesized from L-tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway.

4'-O-Methylpyridoxine (MPN) is a vitamin-like compound discovered from Ginkgo biloba with antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity.

Liriodenine is a natural alkaloid that induces apoptosis in various cancer cells by targeting caspase-3 and caspase-9, and exhibits antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumour, antiviral, and antiplatelet aggregation activities.

Cotinine (NIH-10498) is an alkaloid found in tobacco and is also the predominant metabolite of nicotine.

1. Huperzine-B is a efficient inhibitor of human brain AChE. 2. Huperzine-B can enhance ognitive and protect neuro, may be potentially new drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease therapy.

Febrifugine dihydrochloride (Propyldazine hydrochloride) is a biochemical with therapeutic activity regarding malaria, cancer, fibrosis and inflammatory diseases.

(-)-Huperzine A (HupA) , an active Lycopodium alkaloid extracted from the traditional Chinese herb, is a potent, selective and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and has been widely used in China for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

4-Pyridoxic Acid (4-Pyridoxinsaeure), a catabolite of vitamin B6, is a water-soluble B-group vitamin that can be used as a urinary diagnostic biomarker for determining the nutritional status of these vitamins.

Lobeline hydrochloride (α-Lobeline hydrochloride) is a nicotinic receptor agonist, acting as an effective antagonist at both α4β2 and α3β2 neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes.