Feretoside is a natural product extracted from the barks of E. ulmoides. Feretoside shows inducible activity on the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1).

Asperulosidic acid (ASPA) has anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. ASPA is related to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and mediators via suppression of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.

Aucubin (Rhinanthin) is an iridoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities.

Nuezhenidic acid is isolated from Ligustrum lucidum and has the ability to inhibit influenza A virus.

Oleuropein is an antioxidant polyphenol isolated from olive leaf.

1. Harpagide has antibacterial activity. 2. Harpagide has antiviral activity. 3. Harpagide has anti-inflammatory activity.

Catalpol (Catalpinoside) is an iridoid glycoside with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hepatitis virus effects.

Agnuside (chasteberry oil) inhibits COX-2 (IC50: 0.026 mg/ml) but exhibits less than 10% inhibition of COX-1 at this concentration. It also inhibits 46.3, 66.8, and 82.1% of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) ATPase activity at concentrations of 5, 25, and 100 μM, respectively.

Loganetin, a non-toxic natural product, shows antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections.

Asperuloside (Asperulosid) has anti-inflammatory activity.

1. 6'-O-beta-D-Glucosylgentiopicroside (6'-O-Glucosylgentiopicroside) may have antifungal activity.

1. Sweroside possesses strong hepatoprotective effect. 2. Sweroside is a promising osteoporosis therapeutic natural product, has anti-osteoporotic effect on the human MG-63 cells and rat osteoblasts.

Monomelittoside (Danmelittoside) is a cycloaromatic terpene natural product derived from Stachys grandidentata (Labiatae).

1. Loganic acid (Loganate) and geniposide exhibit both sides effect on superoxide generation.

Geniposide is an iridoid glycoside with a variety of biological activities including neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, antiproliferative, and antioxidative activity. Geniposide has been shown to regulate Nrf2 translocation.

Secologanic acid is a plant growth inhibitor, it shows inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages.

Gardenoside has hepatoprotective, pain‑relieving, and anti-mastitis effects. it may be a potential therapeutic herb against NASH by suppressed supernatant inflammatory cytokine production and intracellular NFkB activity. Gardenoside may be considere

Rehmannioside A, a cyclic enol ether terpene glycoside extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Dihuang, possesses neuroprotective activity and acts by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Genipin ((+)-Genipin), an active aglycone derived from an iridoid glycoside called geniposide, is found in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.

Oleoside 11-methyl ester (Methyloleoside) is a natural product.

Shanziside (Shanzhiside) has immunosuppressive activity, it shows significant inhibition of IL-2 secretion by phorbol myristate acetate and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody co-stimulated activation of human peripheral blood T cells.

Picroside II (Vanilloyl catalpol) is the main active ingredient in iridoid glycosides. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities.

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I/R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

Rehmannioside D is a carotenoid glycoside that existed in the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa.