Doxorubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline antibiotic with cytotoxic and antitumor activity. It is an effective inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I and II, with IC50 values of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. In addition to inhibiting DNA topoisomerases, it can reduce the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin hydrochloride also induces apoptosis and autophagy. In animal studies, it is commonly used to induce models of acute renal failure, chronic kidney injury, and heart failure.

Hypericin (Cyclosan) is a natural anthraquinone compound, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, which inhibits PKC, MAO, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase, and CYP, etc. Hypericin exhibits antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and antidepressant activities.

Hypocrellin A is a natural PKC inhibitor with light-induced antitumor, antifungal and antiviral activities and also exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted antigen presentation.

Mitoxantrone (mitozantrone) is an anthracenedione antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. Mitoxantrone intercalates into and crosslinks DNA, thereby disrupting DNA and RNA replication. This agent also binds to topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA strand breaks and inhibition of DNA repair. Mitoxantrone is less cardiotoxic compared to doxorubicin.

Sennoside A (NSC-112929), a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, causes purgative actions in the intestine.

Sennoside B is an anthranoid. Anthranoid derivatives are used all over the world as a treatment for constipation.

Emodin (Frangula emodin) is an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor with a selective IC50 of 186 and 86 nM against 11β-HSD1 in humans and mice, respectively. Emodin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Emodin can improve metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice.

Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride (NSC-301739) is the hydrochloride salt of an anthracenedione antibiotic with antineoplastic activity. It is a type II topoisomerase inhibitor.

Physcion (Physcione) (Parietin) is an anthraquinone isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, acts as an inhibitor of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, with an IC50 and a Kd of 38.5 μM and 26.0 μM, respectively. Physcion (Parietin) exhibits laxative, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative and anti-tumor effects.

Demeclocycline hydrochloride (Declomycin) is a TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than TETRACYCLINE, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.

Frangulin A protects Vitis vinifera leaves from Plasmopara viticola infection and inhibits the first stage of biotrophic hyphal development of P. Viticola.

3-hydroxymorindone is a natural product from Morinda citrifolia. 3-hydroxymorindone is a pigment.

D-Arabitol is a polyol that can lead to neurotoxicity when accumulated in the body.

Purpurin (Verantin) was a reversible and competitive inhibitor of MAO-A with a Ki value of 0.422μM. it exhibits anti-angiogenic, antifungal, antibiotic, and antioxidative activities.

Aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Aloe-emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits moderate bioactivity against human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (hPTP1B) in vitro.

Aloin B (Isobarbaloin) is an isomer of aloin.1. The extract of A. vera and its active ingredient aloin cause melanin aggregation leading to skin lightening via alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation, the result opens new vistas for the use of A. vera regarding its clinical application as a new nontoxic melanolytic agent for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. 2. Dietary supplementation of aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model, in particular, aloesin is the most potent inhibitor.

Diacerein (Fisiodar) is a prodrug which is metabolized to rhein. It is currently approved in France for the treatment of osteoarthritis although the use of diacerein is restricted due to the side effects including sevre diarrhea [L780]. Diacerein is under investigation for the treatment of Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2), and Diabetes-Related Complications.

1. Obtusifolin has antioxidant properties and improves chemically induced diabetes and its complications by modulation of oxidative stress. 2. Obtusifolin suppresses phthalate esters-mediated bone resorption, thus may be a novel anti-breast-cancer bone me

Sennidin A, has two hydroxyanthraquinone-like moieties, exerts inhibition on NS3 helicase with IC50 values of 0.8 μM.

Sennoside D is an anthraquinone glycoside extracted from leaves and pods of Cassia angustifolia.

Pachybasin is an anthraquinone fungal metabolite. Pachybasin shows antimicrobial activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, M. luteus, S. cerevisiae, C. albicans, A. niger, and A. flavus, with MIC values of 64.0 μg/mL, and against S. aureus and F. oxysporum with MIC values of 32.0 and 16.0 μg/mL respectively.

Hernandezine is an activator of AMPK activator and a selective reversing agent for ABCB1-mediated MDR in cancer cells.

Carminic acid, the well-known red dyestuff from cochineal insects (Dactylopius spp.), is a potent feeding deterrent to ants. Carminic acid is an antioxidant to protect erythrocytes and DNA against radical-induced oxidation, it also has antitumor activity.

Physcion 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Physcion 8-O-beta-D-monoglucoside) has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Physcion 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used in studies about common malignancy cancer.