Kainic acid is an excitatory amino acid receptor agonist (EC50=16.2 μM). Kainic acid is an effective excitatory toxic agent. Kainic acid induces epileptic seizures.

Monocrotaline is an 11-membered macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid extracted from the seeds of Crotalaria plants. It inhibits organic cation transporters OCT-1 and OCT-2, with IC50 values of 36.8 µM and 1.8 mM, respectively. Monocrotaline exhibits antitumor activity and shows certain cytotoxicity against liver cancer cells such as HepG2. It is also commonly used to induce pulmonary arterial hypertension models in rodents.

Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a natural alkaloid that inhibits the translation of proteins and is cytotoxic. Homoharringtonine acts on the ribosomes of tumor cells to inhibit the elongation step of protein translation, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis, and has antitumor activity.

Harringtonine is a naturally occurring alkaloid that inhibits DNA synthesis and protein synthesis and strongly kills S-phase cells. Harringtonine has antitumor and antiviral activities.

Retrorsine selectively inhibits hepatocyte proliferation and following liver injury evokes small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells. Retrorsine can be used for the research of hepatocellular injury.

1. Dendrobine has a slight but demonstrable analgesic and antipyretic action. 2. Dendrobine produces moderate hyperglycemia, diminishes cardiac activity in large doses, lowers the blood pressure. 3. Dendrobine on the electrical activity and on amino acid-induced depolarizations of primary afferent terminals were tested on the frog isolated spinal cord.

Anisodamine Hydrobromide (6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine) is an anticholinergic and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acute circulatory shock.

Ferroheme (protoheme) is the color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins. A Ferroheme or haem is a prosthetic group that consists of an iron atom contained in the center of a large heterocyclic organic ring called a porphyrin.

chaetoglobosin Vb is a new cytochalasan alkaloid isolated from endophytic Chaetomium globosum

Velutinam is an alkaloid isolated from the bark extract of Goniothalamus velutinus.

Lycorine (Narcissine) inhibits protein synthesis and may inhibit ascorbic acid biosynthesis, although studies on the latter are controversial and inconclusive.

Stachydrine (N,N-Dimethyl-L-proline) is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine (N,N-Dimethyl-L-proline) can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway. Stachydrine (N,N-Dimethyl-L-proline) is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits.

Mitomycin C (Ametycine) is an antineoplastic agent and DNA double-strand crosslinking agent capable of inducing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA synthesis, suppressing mitosis, and activating apoptosis. Mitomycin C is a broad-spectrum antibiotic against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

L-Hydroxyproline (L-Hydroxyprolin) is one of the hydroxyproline (Hyp) isomers. L-Hydroxyproline is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals.

(S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor used as a clinical therapeutic agent against hepatoma.

Vasicine is oxytocic and abortifacient agents.Vasicine, a potential natural cholinesterase inhibitor, has been in development for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Vasicine can regulate the inflammatory reaction, have great potentials to develop safe medi

Lincomycin (U-10149) is a lincosamide antibiotic from Streptomyces that is effective against most susceptible gram-positive and cell wall-less bacteria and is generally used in patients for whom penicillin is not available.

1. Gelsemine (Gelsemin) has antitumor activity. 2. Gelsemine has anti-oxidative activity. 3. Gelsemine has anti-hyperlipidemic activity. 4. Gelsemine has marked antinociception in inflammatory, neuropathic and bone cancer pains without inducing antinociceptive tolerance.

1. Tuberostemonine (Tuberstemonine) exhibits relatively higher intestinal permeabilities. 2. Tuberostemonine acts in part as an open-channel blocker at the crayfish neuromuscular junction.

Seneciphylline, one of the hepatotoxic pyrolizidine alkaloids, has mutagenic activity in Drosophila and their transfer into rat milk.Seneciphylline can significantly increased the activities of epoxide hydrase and glutathione-S-transferase but cause reduc

Biliverdin hydrochloride is a tetrapyrrole compound formed from the oxidation of heme, with potential antioxidant activity, involved in the biliverdin-bilirubin redox system.

Benzoylhypaconine (Benzoylhypacoitine) might be the principal active components which affect mitochondrial growth by Fuzi and its processed products.

methyl 5-bromo-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate is a marine derived natural products found in Lissodendoryx sp.

Cytidine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt is one of the endogenous metabolites and is a cation-permeable ligand-gated ion channel agonist.