toxin

AK-Toxin II is a host-specific toxin to Japanese white pear.

AM Toxin II is a Cyclic tetradepsipeptide isolated from Alternaria mali.

AM Toxin III is a phytotoxic peptide.

HC Toxin is a cell-permeable, reversible inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) (IC50 = 30 nM). Through its effects on HDACs, HC toxin has been shown to up-regulate the expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in colorectal cancer cells and induce fetal hemoglobin in human primary erythroid cells. HC Toxin is a cyclic tetrapeptide first isolated from H. carbonum (now C. carbonum), a pathogen of maize.

Ssm Spooky Toxin, derived from Scolopendra mutilans, exhibits potent lethality affecting both hematological and respiratory systems primarily through the inhibition of KCNQ (voltage-gated potassium channel family 7) channels. It demonstrates IC50 values of 2.8 μM for Kv7.4, 5.26 μM for Kv1.3, and 0.1-0.3 M for the Shal channel, respectively. Additionally, this toxin impedes cytokine production by selectively targeting the KV1.3 channel in T cells and is crucial for the centipede's circulatory system functions [1] [2] [3].

Cn2 toxin, a β-toxin, interacts with the voltage-sensing domain of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) [1].

Ssm Spooky Toxin TFA, found in Scolopendra mutilans, effectively inhibits the KCNQ (voltage-gated potassium channel family 7) channels. Its IC50 values for Kv7.4, Kv1.3, and Shal channels are 2.8 μM, 5.26 μM, and 0.1-0.3 M, respectively. This toxin suppresses cytokine production by specifically targeting KV1.3 channels in T cells and plays a crucial role in the centipede's circulatory system.

Tetanus toxin (830-843) from tetanus toxoid is a universal human tetanus toxin T cell epitope. It induces T-cell activation and is used as a helper peptide in vaccinations.

Tetanus toxin 830-843 acetate (Tetanus toxin 830-843 acetate (119260-99-0 free base)) from tetanus toxoid is a universal human tetanus toxin T cell epitope. It induces T-cell activation and is used as a helper peptide in vaccinations.

3'-Hydroxy HT-2 toxin is a natural compound identified in Fusarium heterosporum and Fusarium sporotrichioides, with documented data available.

Psalmotoxin 1 is a potent and selective acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) blocker.

Psalmotoxin 1 (PcTx1) TFA is a protein toxin that binds to the subunit interfaces of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a). It selectively and effectively inhibits ASIC1a by enhancing its apparent affinity for H+ (IC50: 0.9 nM). Psalmotoxin 1 TFA induces apoptosis and inhibits cancer cell migration, proliferation, and invasion. This compound is applicable in cancer or neurological disease research.

D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride is a well-established experimental toxin that induces liver injury primarily by generating free radicals and depleting UTP nucleotides, and it can be used to establish lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-induced hepatitis or acute liver injury models.

3,5-Dimethoxyphenol (Phloroglucinol dimethyl ether) as a marker of Taxus poisoning, being present in all species of Taxus. It has potent tyrosinase-inhibiting activity.

Indican (Indoxyl-β-D-glucoside) is a natural protective compound that is used to protect the liver.

Phytic acid dipotassium salt is an endogenous metabolite that inhibits β-secretase 1 (BACE1).

3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anisoles. 3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid (m-Methoxyphenylacetic acid), a m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-OHPAA) derivative, is a phytotoxin in Rhizoctonia solani. 3-Methoxyphenylacetic acid is used to develop a toxin-mediated bioassay for resistance to rhizoctonia root rot

PNU-159682, a metabolite of anthracycline nemorubicin, is a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor with excellent cytotoxicity.

Aspergillomarasmine A is a polyamine acid naturally produced by the mold Aspergillus Versicolor.

Lysionotin (Nevadensin) has expectorant, eliminating phlegm, softening effects.

Spinoxin, a 34-residue peptide neurotoxin extracted from the venom of Heterometrus spinifer, is characterized by four disulfide bridges. It acts as a potent inhibitor of the Kv1.3 potassium channel with an IC 50 value of 63 nM. This compound is regarded as a promising molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of a range of autoimmune disorders and cancers [1].

VSTx-3 is a potassium voltage-gated channel (K_V) blocker, which has also been shown to be a potent tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-sensitive) sodium channel inhibitor, with particular efficacy against NaV1.8 channels, as evidenced by its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC_50) values of 0.19 μM for hNaV1.3, 0.43 μM for hNaV1.7, and 0.77 μM for hNaV1.8 channels.

Retro-2 (2-{[(5-methyl-2-thienyl)methylene]amino}) is a plant toxin ricin inhibitor, itprotects HeLa cells against Ricin, Stx1 and Stx2, selectively blocks retrograde toxin trafficking at the early endosome-TGN (trans-Golgi network) interface.

Botulinum toxin type B, an antigen-specific exotoxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum, is utilized in the study of neck dystonia. It inhibits the release of Acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junction, causing relaxation paralysis or muscle weakening in the targeted muscle [1].