formation

4-Vinylphenol is the metabolite of p-coumaric and ferulic acid by lactic acid bacteria in wine found in Hedyotis diffusa Willd. 4-Vinylphenol induces apoptosis in vivo.

Piperonylic acid (2H-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid) is a natural molecule bearing a methylenedioxy function that closely mimics the structure of trans-cinnamic acid. Piperonylic acid selectively inactivate the CYP73A P450 subpopulation.

Keracyanin chloride (Cyanidin 3-rutinoside chloride), an anthocyanin compound, exhibits antioxidant properties and effectively prevents the formation of malonaldehyde in oxidized calf thymus DNA, underlining its potential in reducing oxidative damage.

Usnic Acid (Usniacin) is an antimicrobial, antitumor and enzyme inhibiting agent shown to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mouse-liver mitochondria. Usnic acid induces necrosis in certain cells.

Blasticidin S HCl is a peptide-based nucleoside antibiotic (antibiotic) isolated from Streptomyces griseochromogenes that inhibits prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein synthesis by interfering with the formation of peptide bonds in the ribosome.

L-Clausenamide is an alkaloid extracted from the leaves of the yellow bark (Clausena lansium (Lour) skeels) and can be used to improve cognitive function. L-Clausenamide inhibits beta-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity and prevents the formation of neurofibrillary tangles by inhibiting tau phosphorylation. L-Clausenamide has neuroprotective activity and can be used to modulate stimuli triggered by Aβ25-35. L-Clausenamide can be used to study neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

Holomycin (N-Demethylthiolutin) is a secondary metabolite of dithiopyrrolidone. HolomycinHolomycin, an antibiotic secondary metabolite, is required for the biofilm formation of natural photogenic Bacillus galatheae S2753 and is also a broad-spectrum antibiotic. holomycin promotes biofilm formation of S2753 through its alene-disthionyl group. Holomycin has antitumor activity and is involved in RNA synthesis.

Tetramethylcurcumin is a novel curcumin analog, is an effective inhibitors of STAT3 phosphorylation, DNA binding activity, and transactivation in vitro.it also inhibits colony formation in soft agar, cell invasion, and exhibit synergy with the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin against breast cancer cells.

Hydrangenol is a natural product and can be isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves. Hydrangenol is an antiphotoaging compound with oral activity. Hydrangenol can reduce MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression and increase moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes level, result in preventing wrinkle formation.

Betaine chloride (Betaine hydrochloride) is an acidic form of betaine, a vitamin-like substance observed in grains and other foods; gains the amplification of DNA by decreasing the formation of secondary structure in GC-rich regions.

Arbutin (p-Arbutin)(β-Arbutin) is a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant in the genus Arctostaphylos and can inhibit tyrosinase and thus prevent the formation of melanin.

Ethambutol dihydrochloride (CL40881) is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial agent, which obstructs the formation of cell wall by inhibiting arabinosyl transferases.

L-Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a natural product that is a potent reducing agent and antioxidant. L-Ascorbic acid functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen. L-Ascorbic acid is used in the treatment of scurvy.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is a natural product, an endogenous human metabolite, and a micronutrient. Riboflavin is essential for the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. Riboflavin is involved in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and antibody production, as well as normal growth and development.

Hydroxycitric acid tripotassium hydrate (Potassium citrate monohydrate) is the major active ingredient of Garcinia cambogia and a derivative of citric acid, which effectively inhibits stone formation and HIF, and has antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. It also competitively inhibits ATP citrate lyase, offering weight loss benefits.

Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial proteins. Chloramphenicol acts primarily on the 50S subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome and is active against peptidyltransferases, inhibiting the formation of peptide bonds.

Riboflavin phosphate sodium (FMN) is the sodium phosphate form of riboflavin, a water-soluble and essential micronutrient that is the primary growth promoter of the naturally occurring vitamin B complex. Riboflavin phosphate sodium is converted into 2 coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which produce energy by aiding in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and are required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and regulation of growth and reproduction in the body.

Hypoxanthine (Purin-6-ol), also known as purine-6-ol or Hyp. Hypoxanthine is a naturally occurring purine derivative and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the nucleotide salvage pathway. Under normal circumstances hypoxanthine is readily converted to uric acid.hypoxanthine is first oxidized to xanthine, which is further oxidized to uric acid by xanthine oxidase.

DL-Arginine is deployed in the study of amino acid complexation dynamics and the formation of crystal structures.

L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Vitamin C phosphate) is a stable and long-lasting vitamin C derivative that stimulates collagen formation and has potential antioxidant capacity. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate is commonly used to promote osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) in cell culture by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and runt-related transcription factor-2-DNA(runx2A) expression.

Proteinases are enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of proteins. Proteinases are involved in many biological functions, including the digestion of ingested proteins, the breakdown of old proteins, and cell signalling. They also facilitate the formation of new protein products.

Alginic acid (Snow acid algin G) is a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweeds with anti-anaphylactic and anti-inflammatory activities. Alginic acid inhibits histamine release and can be used in the food industry.

Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate is an esterified derivative of p-coumaric acid isolated from the flowers of Trixis michuacana var. longifolia, exhibiting antibacterial and anti-melanogenesis properties.

Cedrene (AI3-51328), a type sesquiterpene compound derived from Xylaria guizhouensis NJAU4742, promotes lateral root formation in plants and acts through growth hormone transport and signaling.