phosphate

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an agonist for S1P1-5 receptors and a ligand for GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12. As an intracellular second messenger, it mobilizes Ca2+ and acts as an extracellular ligand for G-protein coupled receptors. This important lipid mediator is generated from sphingosine or other membrane phospholipids.

AICAR phosphate (Acadesine phosphate) is an AMPK activator and inhibitor of autophagy, YAP, and mitophagy. It serves as an adenosine analog, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS.

D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate is a common precursor of heptaic acid (group III) and the heptasaccharide of hygromycin B (group IV). This compound can be converted to NDP-heptose via similar biosynthetic pathways present in these substances.

Galactose 1-phosphate, an intermediate substance in both galactose metabolism and nucleotide sugar processes, plays a crucial role in the biochemical pathways involved.

Trehalose 6-phosphate potassium salt hydrate (α,α-Trehalose 6-phosphate potassium salt hydrate) is a Trehalose derivative, an intermediate in trehalose biosynthesis, and an important signaling metabolite in plants. It can regulate root branching through the master kinase SNF1-related kinase-1 (SnRK1) and rapamycin target (TOR).

Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen phosphate) is an aminoquinoline antimalarial and also is widely used as an autophagy inhibitor. Chloroquine also is an inhibitor of toll-like receptors (TLRs).

D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt is a compound widely present in biological systems. It is a molecule formed when glucose undergoes phosphorylation at the 6th carbon. This compound participates in various metabolic regulatory pathways within the body, including the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis.

L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Vitamin C phosphate) is a stable and long-lasting vitamin C derivative that stimulates collagen formation and has potential antioxidant capacity. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate is commonly used to promote osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) in cell culture by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and runt-related transcription factor-2-DNA(runx2A) expression.

L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (Sodium ascorbyl phosphate) is utilized in biocatalytic dephosphorylation for electric power generation and electrochemical detection assays.

Pyridoxal phosphate (Vitamin B6 phosphate) is the active form of vitamin B6 and a coenzyme for many pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. PLP is involved in numerous enzymatic transamination, decarboxylation and deamination reactions; it is necessary for the synthesis of amino acids and amino acid metabolites, and for the synthesis and/or catabolism of certain neurotransmitters, including the conversion of glutamate into gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and levodopa into dopamine. PLP can be used as a dietary supplement in cases of vitamin B6 deficiency. Reduced levels of PLP in the brain can cause neurological dysfunction.

D-Fructose-6-phosphate (sodium salt hydrate) is a sugar intermediate in the glycolytic pathway produced by the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate by glucose phosphate isomerase, and is used in cancer research.

5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position. Uridine 5'-monophosphate (Uridylic acid) is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil.

In cells, D-Glucose 6-phosphate sodium (G6P) is generated when glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase or glucokinase or by the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase during glycogenolysis. G6P lies at the beginning of both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathways. It also can be stored as glycogen when blood glucose levels are high.

Sodium creatine phosphate dibasic tetrahydrate (Creatine phosphate disodium salt tetrahydrate) mainly exists in the skeletal muscles of vertebrates. It is a substrate for the determination of creatine kinase and can be used for the regeneration of ATP during skeletal muscle contraction.

Inosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt hydrate (Inosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt), or inosinic acid, is the ribonucleotide of hypoxanthine and the first nucleotide formed during purine synthesis.

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate (PLP)(1:x), the active form of vitamin B6, is a cofactor for many different enzymes involved in transamination reactions, including mitochondrial cysteine desulfurase, cystathionine γ-synthase, various aminotransferases, and a d-serine dehydratase.

Acetyl phosphate lithium potassium (Lithium potassium acetyl phosphate) is a compound involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism as well as pyruvate metabolism. Acetyl phosphate lithium potassiu is generated from sulfoacetaldehyde, converted to acetyl-CoA and acetate via phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase respectively. Acetyl phosphate lithium potassiu is also an intermediate in pyruvate metabolism.

Quinaldic acid is an endogenous metabolite.Quinaldic acid is a metal chelator.

sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate, produced by the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate by NADH formed during glycolysis of the cytoplasmic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate sodium, a phosphatidic acid, is an endogenous human metabolite.

Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate (TDTBPP) isolated from Vitex negundoL inhibits secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate has anti-inflammatory activity.

Riboflavin phosphate sodium (FMN) is the sodium phosphate form of riboflavin, a water-soluble and essential micronutrient that is the primary growth promoter of the naturally occurring vitamin B complex. Riboflavin phosphate sodium is converted into 2 coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which produce energy by aiding in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and are required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and regulation of growth and reproduction in the body.

Riboflavine phosphate (Flavin mononucleotide) is a derivative of Riboflavin. Riboflavin phosphate can be used to study keratoconus, corneal dilatation, and irregular astigmatism. Riboflavine phosphate is an efficient and economical recycler of NAD+.

D-Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) is glucose that hydroxyl group on carbon 6 is phosphorylated by hexose kinase and is involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as being converted to glycogen or starch storage. G6P serves as a substrate for glucose 6-phosphatase in the liver and hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH) in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.