Thiamine pyrophosphate hydrochloride is the coenzyme form of vitamin B1 and acts as a crucial intermediate in both the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. It functions as a cofactor for α-keto acid dehydrogenase, essential for oxidative phosphorylation and the pentose phosphate pathway.

Thiamine pyrophosphate (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) hydrochloride inhibits oxidative damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rat ovarian tissue. Additionally, thiamine pyrophosphate (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, once daily for 14 days) hydrochloride prevents cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, as well as associated oxidative stress and cardiac damage.