tumors

Acifluorfen, a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitor herbicide, promotes the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and induces tumors in rodent livers, causing significant photooxidative damage to pigments and lipids in sensitive plant species.

Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is a vitamin B9 that is essential for the synthesis of DNA RNA and for the production and maintenance of new cells. Folic acid deficiency can lead to anemia, neural tube closure defects, tumors, aging, and other diseases.

N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is a potent hepatocarcinogenic dialkylnitrosoamine primarily found in water, tobacco smoke, cheddar cheese, cured and fried meals, and many alcoholic beverages. NDEA is responsible for changes in nuclear enzymes related to DNA repair replication and induces various tumors in all animal species, targeting mainly the liver, nasal cavity, trachea, lung, and esophagus.

Dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA), a potent hepatotoxin, carcinogen, and mutagen, induces liver tumors [1] [2].