parasite

Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.

Hypocrellin A is PKC inhibitor, has light-induced antitumor,antifungal and antiviral activities, it also exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted presentation of antigen.

Doxycycline (Doxiciclina) belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics and is a broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor with oral activity. Doxycycline has antibacterial activity and antitumor activity.

Moxidectin (CL301423) is an anthelmintic drug which kills parasitic worms, and is used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. It can be found in treatments prescribed for animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep. Application methods for moxidectin vary by treatment, and include oral, topical, and injectable solutions. Cydectin Pour On is a trade name for a formulation for use on cattle and red deer.

Cinchonidine (L-Cinchonidine) is an alkaloid extracted from Cinchona officinalis. It is a pseudo-enantiomer and stereoisomer of cinchonine.

Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen phosphate) is an aminoquinoline antimalarial and also is widely used as an autophagy inhibitor. Chloroquine also is an inhibitor of toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Osthole (Osthol), a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor, has been shown to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

λ-Cyhalothrin (Icon) is a type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide featuring a high-efficiency, broad-spectrum formula with an α-cyano group. It is employed across various applications for controlling a wide array of pests. As a neurotoxin, λ-Cyhalothrin acts on sodium channels in neuron membranes within the central nervous system.

1. 3-Butylidenephthalide (Butylidene phthalide) has antihyperglycemic effect is due to inhibition of α-glucosidase at the intestinal level, inhibited the activity of yeast-α-glucosidase (IC(5) 2.35 mM) in a noncompetitive fashion with a K(i) of 4.86 mM.

Ornidazole (Tiberal) is a nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.

Santonin (alpha-Santonin) is a potent antiparasitic agent.

Ivermectin (MK-933) is an activator of glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) with antiparasitic activity.

Asiatic acid (Dammarolic acid) is the aglycone of asiaticoside used in wound healing with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.

Benzyl benzoate (Benzoic acid benzyl ester) is one of the older preparations used for the therapy of scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei. Its symptoms are red spots, severe itching (particularly at night), and may lead to a secondary infection. Benzyl benzoate is useful in the therapy of scabies because it is lethal to this mite. It is also used for the therapy of lice affection of the body and head. Benzyl benzoate is not the therapy of choice for scabies because of its irritant properties.

Daphnetin (7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor with inhibitory for EGFR (IC50: 7.67 μM), PKA (IC50: 9.33 μM), and PKC (IC50: 25.01 μM), also exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Hexylresorcinol (4-Hexylresorcinol) is a substituted dihydroxybenzene utilized topically as an antiseptic for minor skin infection treatment.

Spiramycin (Rovamycin) is a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ambofaciens, effective against gram-positive aerobic pathogens, N. gonorrhoeae, and staphylococci, and is used to treat infections caused by bacteria and Toxoplasma gondii.

Doxycycline monohydrate is an inhibitor of metalloproteinase (MMP)

Dihydroartemisinin (Artenimol) is a metabolite of artemisinin.

Mebendazole (Mebenvet) is a hedgehog inhibitor, used as an antihelminthic.

Quinidine is a stereoisomer of the antimalarial agent quinine and a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent. for the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms and also malaria.

Artesunate (WR-256283) is part of the artemisinin group of drugs that treat malaria. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin that is water-soluble and may therefore be given by injection. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Nerolidol (Peruviol) shows sedative effects in animals, oxidative process plays a crucial role on neuronal pathological consequence. Nerolidol is mainly related to ROS and DNA single strand breaks generated by the presence of oxidative lesions.

Eugenol (Allylguaiacol) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen. The physiologic effect of eugenol is by means of Increased Histamine Release and Cell-mediated Immunity.

Cinchonine (LA40221), a local anesthetic of the amide type, now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local narcotics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia.

Paromomycin binds specifically to the RNA oligonucleotide at the A site of bacterial 30S ribosomes, thereby causing misreading and premature termination of translation of mRNA and inhibition of protein synthesis followed by cell death. Paromomycin Sulfate (Aminosidine sulfate) is the sulfate salt form of paromomycin, a structural derivative of neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with amebicidal and bactericidal effects against predominantly aerobic gram-negative bacteria.

Kaempferol (Robigenin) is a natural flavonoid and an inverse agonist of ERRα and ERRγ. Kaempferol has a wide range of antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities.

PHYTOL (trans-Phytol) , a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, shows antinociceptive and antioxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. It is a specific activator of PPARα.

Thiabendazole (2-(4-Thiazolyl)benzimidazole) is a benzimidazole derivative with anthelminthic property.

Artemotil (SM-227) is a new, fast-acting antimalarial drug.

DL-Methionine (Acimetion) is an amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks that our bodies use to make proteins. DL-Methionine is found in meat, fish, and dairy products. It plays an important role in the many functions within the body.

Doramectin (Dectomax) is an antiparasitic agent.

Quinine is a natural cinchona alkaloid that has been used for centuries in the prevention and therapy of malaria. Quinine is also used for idiopathic muscle cramps. Quinine therapy has been associated with rare instances of hypersensitivity reactions which can be accompanied by hepatitis and mild jaundice.

Menthone has anti-inflammary activity,, it can suppress the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha),as well as nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB).

Quinine hydrochloride dihydrate (Quinine HCl Dihydrate) is a white crystalline K+ channel blocker, used to treat malaria.

2-Benzoxazolinone (2-Hydroxybenzoxazole) is found in cereals and cereal products. 2-Benzoxazolinone is found in rye seedlings.

Avermectin B1 is served as anthelmintic and insecticide.

Quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate is an optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. It prolongs cellular action potential and decreases automaticity. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.

Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) is a natural product, a sesquiterpene lactone, derived from Artemisia annua. Artemisinin has anti-malarial activity, as well as neuroprotective and anti-tumor activity.

α-Terpinene is a terpenoid,has acaricidal, antiprotozoal, and antioxidant properties

Urethane (Ethylurethane) was an antineoplastic agent .Now is used for other medicinal purposes.

Furaltadone hydrochloride (Furaltadone HCl) is an antibacterial and shows distinct curative effect in the treatment of coccidiosis.

Metronidazole (Metronidazol) is a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities.

Methyl hexadecanoate is an acaricidal compound found in green walnut hulls with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, inhibiting phagocytic activity and immune response.

Fervenulin is isolated from a nematicidal actinomycete Streptomyces sp. CMU-MH021 with nematicidal activity. It also inhibits egg hatch and J2 mortality of M. incognita (MICs: 30 μg/mL and 120 μg/mL, respectively).

2'-Hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone, a chalcone compound isolated from the roots of Sophora japonica, has antioxidant activity and inhibited the intracellular survival of Lactobacillus donovani Parasite EC.50 Values ranged between 0.39 and 0.41 μg/mL, which can be used in the study of diabetes, treatment of schistosomiasis, malaria and other infections.

Homobutein (3-O-Methylbutein) is a dual inhibitor of HDACs and NF-κB with IC50s of 190 and 38 μM. Homobutein is an iron chelator with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiparasite, and antioxidation activities.

Cowaxanthone B is a new tetraoxoanthrone isolated from the fruit of Garcinia cambogia.Cowaxanthone B has potential antibacterial activity.