oxidative

Boc-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (Boc-Asp(OMe)-FMK) is a broad range caspase inhibitor. Boc-Asp(OME)-Fluoromethyl Ketone inhibits Fas-mediated phagocytosis and oxidative rupture inhibition, but does not affect the chemotactic activity of IL-8.

N-Acetylcarnosine (N-Acetyl-L-carnosine) is thought to be able to combat some of the effects of oxidative stress as it has anti-oxidant properties.

Terlipressin Acetate, a highly selective vasopressin V1 receptor agonist, on oxygen and glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced damage in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6).Terlipressin acetate exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Terlipressin acetate has the potential for hepatorenal syndrome and norepinephrine-resistant septic shock research.

CMX-2043 is a drug potentially to block oxidative damage and activate cell survival pathways.

Glutathione can occur in reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG), or in mixed disulfide forms and is ubiquitous in multiple biological systems serving as the major thiol-disulfide redox buffer of the cell. GSSG is the oxidized form of GSH . It can be reduced back to GSH through the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase. GSSG functions as a hydrogen acceptor in the enzymatic determination of NADP+ and NADPH and can be a proximal donor in S-glutathionylation post translational modifications. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione within cells is often used as an indicator of oxidative stress, with higher concentrations of GSSG predicting increased oxidative stress.

Pro-Adrenomedullin(153-185),human, (C143H224N42O43), a peptide with the sequence H2N-SLPEAGPGRTLVSSKPQAHGAPAPPSGSAPHFL-OH, MW= 3219.6. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a ubiquitously expressed peptide initially isolated from phaechromyctoma in 19931. AM was initially identified as a vasodilator, some have cited this as the most potent endogenous vasodilatory peptide found in the body2. Differences in opinion regarding the ability of AM to relax vascular tone arises from the differences in the model system used3. Other effects of AM include increasing the tolerance of cells to oxidative stress and hypoxic injury and angiogenesis. AM is seen as a positive influence in diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other cardiovascular diseases, whereas it can be seen as a negative factor in potentiating the potential of cancerous cells to extend their blood supply and cause cell proliferation.

Cyclo(his-pro) is an endogenous cyclic dipeptide that exerts oxidative damage protection by selectively activating the transcription factor Nrf2 signalling pathway.

HNGF6A TFA, a humanin analogue, enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, offering potential for diabetes research. It also inhibits ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production under oxidative stress and may prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo [1] [2].

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), a critical enzyme in the citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle, facilitates the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate while reducing NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H, thus playing pivotal roles in cellular metabolism [1].

Microcystin-[D-Asp3]-LR Microcystin A, a cyanotoxin, activates Nrf2 to promote oxidative stress response and is utilized in toxicology research [1][2].

Glutathione ethyl ester TFA is a glutathione substitute and a cell-permeable glutathione GSH donor that modulates age-related oxidative damage in bovine oocytes, improves the developmental capacity of oocytes from aged cows, and prevents early asthma.

Tetrapeptide, an α-MSH analogue, stimulates melanin production and mitigates DNA damage by attenuating reactive oxidative species generation and augmenting DNA photoproduct repair [1].

TAT-GluN2BCTM is a membrane-permeable peptide that selectively targets active DAPK1 (Death-associated protein kinase 1) for lysosomal degradation, protecting neurons against oxidative stress and NMDAR-mediated excitotoxicity, making it valuable for neuroprotection research studies [1].

TAT-SAMβA, an RNAENFDRF (SAMβA) peptide conjugated to the TAT 47–57 protein-derived cell-penetrating peptide, acts as a selective antagonist of the Mfn1-βIIPKC association. It has been shown to protect mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) from cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress [1].

Phoenixin-14 TFA (PNX-14) is a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrable neuropeptide with anxiolytic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. It modulates pituitary gonadotrophin release by enhancing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor mRNA expression and promotes insulin secretion. Additionally, PNX-14 TFA protects against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in mice and combats oxidative stress by diminishing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevating glutathione (GSH) levels [1] [2] [3].

MHLWAAK TFA, an antioxidant peptide derived from the pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin, exhibits potent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging properties. It effectively shields zebrafish larvae against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 [1].

MHLWAAK, an antioxidant peptide derived from pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin, exhibits potent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capabilities. It effectively shields zebrafish larvae against H2O2-induced oxidative damage [1].

MDYYFEER TFA, an antioxidant peptide derived from pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin, exhibits potent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capability. This compound effectively shields zebrafish larvae against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 [1].

MDYYFEER, an antioxidant peptide derived from pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin, exhibits strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. It has been demonstrated to protect zebrafish larvae against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 [1].

MAQAAEYYR TFA, an antioxidant peptide derived from the pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin, exhibits potent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging properties. It confers protection to zebrafish larvae against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 [1].

MAQAAEYYR, an antioxidant peptide derived from the pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin, exhibits potent scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals. It also confers protection to zebrafish larvae against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 [1].

Risuteganib hydrochloride is an anti-integrin that downregulates oxidative stress and restores homeostasis, and targets three integrin receptors that are implicated in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in order to restore homeostasis in the retin

Saralasin acetate is a Non-selective angiotensin II antagonist.

RC-3095 acetate is an antagonist of bombesin gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). It exerts protective effects by reducing gastric oxidative injury in the arthritic mice.