species

L-Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a natural product that is a potent reducing agent and antioxidant. L-Ascorbic acid functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen. L-Ascorbic acid is used in the treatment of scurvy.

Ensulizole is a sulfonated ultraviolet absorber that strongly absorbs UVB and some UVA, and under UV or sunlight exposure, it produces reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA.

EUK-134, a synthetic superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase mimetic, exhibits potent antioxidant activities and inhibits the formation of β-amyloid and related amyloid fibrils.

BX430 is used for chronic pain and cardiovascular disease and it is a potent and selective noncompetitive allosteric human P2X4 receptor channels antagonist with an IC50 of 0.54 μM. BX430 has species specificity.

Psoralidin inhibits Akt phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and transcriptionally. Psoralidin possesses anticancer and chemopreventive properties.

Brusatol (NSC-172924) is a natural product isolated from the Brucea javanica plant. It inhibits Nrf2.

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (EEF1A1) (387-394) [Multiple species](TFA) is Elongation factor 1 subunit.eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (EEF1A1) encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This isoform (alpha 1) is expressed in the brain, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas, and the other isoform (alpha 2) is expressed in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. This isoform is identified as an autoantigen in 66% of patients with Felty syndrome. This gene has been found to have multiple copies on many chromosomes, some of which, if not all, represent different pseudogenes1.

Ferritin is a protein of 450 kDa consisting of 24 subunits that is present in every cell type. Invertebrates, these subunits are both the light (L) and the heavy (H) type with an apparent molecular weight of 19 kDA or 21 kDA respectively. The ferritin fou

This Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) fragment has a peptide sequence of Lys-Tyr-Ile-His-Ser-Ala-Asn-Val-Leu. The MAP kinases are serine/threonine-specific protein kinases belonging to the CMGC (CDK/MAPK/GSK3/CLK) kinase group.

eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (EEF1A1) encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This isoform (alpha 1) is expressed

Buprofezin (Applaud) is an insecticide used for control of insect pests such as mealybugs, leafhoppers and whitefly on vegetable crops.

Quercetin, a flavonoid natural product, is a SIRT1 activator. It is also a PI3K inhibitor, inhibiting PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ with IC50 values of 2.4, 3.0, and 5.4 μM, respectively. Recognized as a heat shock protein inhibitor, Quercetin can significantly reduce exosome release in TII models by downregulating Hsp70 or Hsp90.

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a phenolic antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid found in plants such as green and black tea, which inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase, blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors, inhibits cellular oxidation, and prevents free radical damage to cells.

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

Mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ10 mesylate) is a potent TRAP1 inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Mitoquinone mesylate is an antioxidant that prevents oxidative damage and targets mitochondria of TPP.

Trolox is a vitamin E analogue, used in reducing oxidative stress or damage.

Toyocamycin (Vengicide) is an adenosine analog produced by Actinomycetes, functioning as an XBP1 inhibitor and inhibiting IRE1α-induced ATP-dependent XBP1 mRNA cleavage (IC50: 80 nM), and induces apoptosis.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite derived from dietary choline, betaine, and carnitine. It induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome and promotes fibroblast differentiation through the activation of the TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway. TMAO is commonly used to induce cardiac fibrosis models.

Elesclomol (STA-4783) is an oxidative stress inducer and a highly lipophilic copper ion carrier. Elesclomol induces apoptosis in tumor cells and is used in copper death related studies. Elesclomol also inhibits FDX1-mediated Fe-S cluster biosynthesis.

Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI)(DPI) is an irreversible inhibitor of iNOS and eNOS (IC50 values of 50 nM and 0.3 μM, respectively),and displays broad-spectrum bactericidal activity.

Imeglimin hydrochloride (EMD 387008 hydrochloride) is an oral hypoglycemic agent. Imeglimin improves insulin sensitivity, inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species, increases mitochondrial DNA, and improves mitochondrial function.

BD-AcAc 2 (Ketone Ester) is a ketone monoester and can be used as a source of oral nutritional ketones. BD-AcAc 2 can elevate plasma levels of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, blood Na+, blood glucose levels and blood creatinine levels after oral administration in mice. BD-AcAc 2 can partly prevent muscle weakness in septic mice. BD-AcAc 2 exhibits potential to improve endurance and exercise performance in animal body. BD-AcAc 2 can also be used to research diabetes or Parkinson's disease.

CPS-11 (N-(Hydroxymethyl)thalidomide) is a Thalidomide analogue with significant antitumor activity, exhibiting a broader and more potent effect on the MM (multiple myeloma) cell line.