muscle

Zolmitriptan (311C90) selectively binds to and activates serotonin (5-HT) 1B receptors expressed in intracranial arteries and 5-HT 1D receptors located on peripheral trigeminal sensory nerve terminals in the meninges and central terminals in brainstem sensory nuclei. Zolmitriptan is a member of the triptan class of agents with anti-migraine properties. Receptor binding results in constriction of cranial vessels, reduction of vessel pulsation and inhibition of nociceptive transmission, thereby providing relief of migraine headaches. Zolmitriptan may also relieve migraine headaches by inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.

Methocarbamol (AHR 85) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.

Vardenafil hydrochloride trihydrate (BAY38-9456) is a new type PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.

Vardenafil hydrochloride is a New Phosphodiesterase Type 5(PDE5) Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Diabetes

Mivacurium dichloride (Mivacurium chloride) is a non-depolarising, rapid neuromuscular blocker of short duration, used therefore as anesthetic, to provide skeletal muscle relaxation in minor surgical operations, in emergency surgical procedures of short to intermediate duration and during intubation of the trachea.

(±)-1,2-Diolein [1,2-Dioleoyl-rac-glycerol] is a PKC activator that can increase Ca²⁺ influx in myotubes.

Vardenafil dihydrochloride (Levitra) is a new type PDE inhibitor with IC50 of 0.7 and 180 nM for PDE5 and PDE1, respectively.

PD 089828 is a competitive inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases FGFR1, PDGFRβ, and EGFR (IC50s = 0.15, 1.76, and 5.47 µM, respectively) and a noncompetitive inhibitor of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Src (IC50 = 0.18 µM)

Muscle homing peptide M12 preferentially binds to proteins on the surface of muscle cells. It enhances the cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) in myoblasts. Additionally, Muscle homing peptide M12 is covalently attached to PLGA-PEG nanoparticles through an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester reaction, with the bonding occurring at the α-amino group at the N-terminus of the peptide chain.

Skeletal muscle-targeted peptide MSP, a muscle-targeting peptide (MTP) composed of seven amino acids (ASSLNIA), selectively binds to various ligands in muscle tissues. This targeting capability makes it a useful tool in researching cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a commonly used solvent to dissolve polar and non-polar compounds. Dimethyl sulfoxide has been widely used for masterbatch preparation of compounds in biological experiments. Dimethyl sulfoxide has bacteriostatic activity.

Ceruletide is a decapeptide that is a safe and effective cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin receptor agonist with direct spasmodic effects on the gallbladder muscle and bile duct.[1]

Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (Phorbol dibutyrate) is a PKC activator that inhibits α1-adrenoceptor-mediated positive inotropic effects in a concentration-dependent manner, induced by contraction of isolated rabbit vascular smooth muscle.

(L)-Sodium lactate (Sodium L-Lactate) is produced from pyruvate by the enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase. Lactate production occurs during anaerobic glycolysis or in proliferatively active cells. L-Lactic Acid occurs in small quantities in the blood and muscle fluid of man and animals. The lactic acid concentration increases in muscle and blood after vigorous activity. L-Lactic acid is also present in liver, kidney, thymus gland, human amniotic fluid, and other organs and body fluids.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a naturally occurring hormone involved in various physiological processes, such as smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, vasodilation and constriction, blood pressure regulation, and inflammatory regulation.

TDI-011536, a potent Lats kinase inhibitor, disrupts Hippo-Yap signaling and promotes the proliferation of lesioned heart muscle cells. This compound is valuable for research in organ conservation and regeneration.

Trichostatin A (TSA), a natural derivative of diene isohydroxamic acids, is a specific and reversible histone deacetylase inhibitor (IC50=1.8 nM) that induces hyperacetylation of core histones to regulate chromatin structure.

AVE5688, an inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), has IC50 values of 430 nM and 915 nM, and Kd values of 170 nM and 530 nM for rmGPb and rmGPa, respectively. It is suitable for research on type 2 diabetes.

BD-AcAc 2 (Ketone Ester) is a ketone monoester and can be used as a source of oral nutritional ketones. BD-AcAc 2 can elevate plasma levels of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, blood Na+, blood glucose levels and blood creatinine levels after oral administration in mice. BD-AcAc 2 can partly prevent muscle weakness in septic mice. BD-AcAc 2 exhibits potential to improve endurance and exercise performance in animal body. BD-AcAc 2 can also be used to research diabetes or Parkinson's disease.

CS-722 Free base is a synthetic central muscle relaxant exhibiting muscle relaxant effects and inhibition of spinal reflexes. In hippocampal cultures, CS-722 Free base may suppress spontaneous inhibitory and excitatory post-synaptic currents by inhibiting sodium and calcium currents.

JTV-519 Formate is a Ca2+-dependent blocker of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (SERCA). JTV-519 Formate is also a partial agonist of ryanodine receptors in striated muscle. JTV-519 Formate exhibits antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties.

McN5691 (RWJ26240) is a voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker with antihypertensive activity that can be used in the study of diseases caused by vascular smooth muscle abnormalities.

MIV-247 is a selective and potent inhibitor of cathepsin S (Kis 2.1, 4.2, and 7.5 nM for human, mouse, and wild monkey cathepsin S, respectively), which attenuates mechanical anomalies in preclinical models of neuropathic pain, and can be used to study cardiac muscle injury.

Daltroban (SKF 96148) is a specific thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist. Daltroban shows protective effect in reperfusion injury. Daltroban increase intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells.