cytokine

BAY 11-7082 (BAY 11-7821) is an NF-κB inhibitor that suppresses TNFα-induced IκBα phosphorylation (IC50=10 μM) and also inhibits the ubiquitin-specific proteases USP7 and USP21 (IC50=0.19 0.96 μM).

SM-324405 is an agonist of TLR7.

UCB-9260 inhibits TNF signaling by stabilizing an asymmetric form of the trimer.

LP99 is an epigenetic probe. LP99 disrupts the binding of BRD7 and BRD9 to chromatin in cells. LP99 is an effective and selective inhibitor of the BRD7 and BRD9 bromodomains (Kd: 99 nM against BRD9).

1. Prunetin (Prunusetin) significantly reduces serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and mortality in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide. 2. Prunetin mediates anti-obesity adipogenesis effects by suppressing obesity-related transcription through a feedback mechanism that regulates the expression of adiponectin, adipoR1, adipoR2, and AMPK. 3. Prunetin and biochanin A are potent reducers of NF-κB and ERK activation, zonula occludens 1 tyrosine phosphorylation, and metalloproteinase-mediated shedding activity, which may account for the barrier-improving ability of these isoflavones. 4. Prunetin significantly suppresses ATP-induced mucin secretion from cultured RTSE cells; Prunetin inhibits the production of MUC5AC mucin protein induced by EGF or PMA from NCI-H292 cells; Prunetin also inhibits the expression of MUC5AC mucin gene induced by EGF or PMA from NCI-H292 cells.

Resiniferatoxin ((+)-Resiniferatoxin) is a highly potent synthetic TRPV1 agonist that inhibits the production of Th1 cytokines and has anti-inflammatory activity, reducing serum levels of IL-12, INF-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, and PGE.

GSK2983559 free acid is an effective and selective inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2). GSK2983559 free acid shows excellent activity in blocking many proinflammatory cytokine responses in human inflammatory bowel disease explant samples an

DiMNF (3',4'-Dimethoxy-αNF) is a selective and potent modulator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and an AHR ligand with anti-inflammatory activity that inhibits cytokine-mediated induction of complement factor genes.

VX-702 is a highly specific p38α MAPK inhibitor, 14-fold higher selectivity for the p38α than p38β. VX-702 is a small molecule investigational oral anti-cytokine therapy for treatment of inflammatory diseases, specifically rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Rhizoferrin TFA is a protein secreted by Legionella pneumophila that is an iron carrier and can induce cytokine production, promote Fe(3+) uptake by wild-type Legionella pneumophila, and promote the growth of iron-deficient bacteria.

SB273005 is an orally active and potent nonpeptide integrin αvβ3 antagonist that inhibits αvβ3 and αvβ5 and reduces the production of Th2 cells and the cytokine IL-10 in pregnant mice.

BTB09089 (GPR65 agonist ) is a T cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8 GPR65)-specific agonist.BTB09089 induces TDAG8 expression and regulates cytokine production in T cells and macrophages.

Cynandione A, an acetophenone derived from Cynanchum wilfordii, has anti-inflammatory activity and significantly reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression via macrophage α7 nAChR activation and subsequent IL-10 expression.

Hydrangenol is a natural product and can be isolated from Hydrangea serrata leaves. Hydrangenol is an antiphotoaging compound with oral activity. Hydrangenol can reduce MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression and increase moisturizing factors and antioxidant genes level, result in preventing wrinkle formation.

Pentoxifylline (PTX) modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility.

Cepharanthine (NSC-623442) is a natural alkaloid that inhibits TNF-α-mediated NFκB stimulation, plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, and platelet aggregation, as well as cytokine production. Cepharanthine exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities.

Salsalate (Sasapyrine) is an orally available salicylate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities.

3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid (Gallic acid trimethyl ether) are potent antioxidants and inhibitor of cytokine production. It can ameliorate chronic stress-induced various behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice. It also exerts hepatoprotective effects in CCl4-induced rats, specifically by modulating oxidative-nitrosative stress and inflammation.

Beclometasone dipropionate (Vancenase) is the dipropionate ester of a synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. After cell surface receptor attachment and cell entry, beclomethasone enters the nucleus where it binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors, resulting in an altered gene expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production.

ATP disodium salt (Adenosine-Triphosphate) is a P2 purinoceptor agonist.

Aceclofenac (Preservex) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with marked anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Tranilast (SB 252218), an antiallergic drug, suppresses lipid mediator and cytokine release from inflammatory cells, therefore utilized in the treatment of allergic disorders.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

Crisaborole (AN-2728) is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor.