Cuproptosis

Elesclomol (STA-4783) is an oxidative stress inducer and a highly lipophilic copper ion carrier. Elesclomol induces apoptosis in tumor cells and is used in copper death related studies. Elesclomol also inhibits FDX1-mediated Fe-S cluster biosynthesis.

Disulfiram (TETD) is an inhibitor of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH, inhibiting hALDH1 and hALDH2 (IC50=0.15/1.45 μM) with specificity. Disulfiram is acutely sensitized to alcohol and also inhibits GSDMD pore formation.

Tiomolibdate diammonium (NSC-286644) is an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) exerting antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. Tiomolibdate diammonium inhibits the activities of cuproenzymes, including SOD1 and COX.

Cu(II)-Elesclomol is a complex formed by the anticancer agent Elesclomol and Cu(II), which selectively transports copper to mitochondria.Cu(II)-Elesclomol has anticancer activity, inhibits the growth of human leukemia K562 cells, and induces cell-cycle arrest, and is used in the study of leukemias.

Zinc pyrithione (OM-1563), an antibacterial and antifungal agent can disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump.

Penicillamine (Artamine), possessing antineoplastic properties, induces apoptosis by a p53-mediated mechanism and inhibits angiogenesis by chelating with copper, a cofactor for angiogenesis. Artamine is a beta dimethyl analog of the amino acid cysteine. As a degradation product of penicillin antibiotics, Artamine chelates with heavy metals and increases their urinary excretion.

UM4118 (N-quinolin-8-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide) is a copper ion carrier that triggers an atypical form of mitochondria-based cell death (cuproptosis).UM4118 can be used for the study of acute myeloid leukemia.UM4118 showed no significant effect on VEGF and b-FGF stimulated HMVEC proliferation with LC values of 0.013 and 0.018 μM, respectively.

Emeramide (BDTH2) is a thiol-redox antioxidant. It is also a heavy metal chelator.

Tetraethylenepentamine Pentahydrochloride is a high affinity copper and zinc chelator.

NSC 689534 forms a chelate with copper (Cu 2+), resulting in the NSC 689534/Cu 2+ complex, which is a potent inducer of oxidative stress and exhibits antitumor activity [1].

Tetrathiomolybdate (TM) promotes the dimerization of the metal-binding domain (WLN4) of the cellular copper efflux protein ATP7B through its characteristic sulfur bridge Mo2S6O2 cluster, and is used in the clinical treatment of Wilson's disease.

Cu(I) chelator 1 (Compound LH2) is a chelating agent specifically targeting the Cu(I) redox state. It inhibits the production of ROS.

Zinc pyrithione (Standard) is the standard substance of Zinc pyrithione, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Zinc pyrithione (OM-1563), an antibacterial and antifungal agent can disrupt membrane transport by blocking the proton pump.