oxygen

1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) is a fluorescent probe. It possesses a highly specific reactivity towards singlet oxygen forming an endoperoxide which decomposes to give 1,2-dibenzoylbenzene. 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran can detect the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

MitoSOX Red is a novel fluorescent probe that is specific and cell membrane-permeable and targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is oxidized by superoxide upon entry into the mitochondria and is not oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in the mitochondrion and produces a strong red fluorescence.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevents the oxidation of MitoSOX Red.

Coelenteramine 400a (Coelenterazine 400a), a Coelenterazine derivative, serves as a substrate for Renilla luciferase (RLuc), facilitating the emission of blue light at 395 nm [1] [2]. This compound alters the bioluminescence color of RLuc by substituting the sulfur and oxygen heteroatoms in the methylene bridge. Coelenteramine 400a enhances signal resolution, proving useful in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) research [3].

2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (Diacetyldichlorofluorescein), a cell-permeable fluorogenic probe, is useful for the detection of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and for the determination of the degree of overall oxidative stress.

CycLuc1, a brain-penetrant luciferase substrate, may be a superior BLI substrate compared to D-luciferin for monitoring tumor growth in intracranial GBM (glioblastoma) xenografts.

H2DCFDA (DCFH-DA) belongs to the class of green fluorescent dyes and is a probe for the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ex/Em=488/525 nm) with cell membrane permeability.

Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) is a fluorescent probe (λex=488 nm, λem=525 nm). Dihydrorhodamine 123 is oxidized to the fluorescent reagent Rhodamine 123 in the presence of intracellular reactive oxygen species and is localized in mitochondria.

TMB(dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is the dihydrochloride salt and hydrate form of TMB. It is a non-toxic and non-mutagenic colorless dye used as a chromogenic agent in horseradish peroxidase-based assay systems. This compound also serves as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce a blue oxidized product. Additionally, TMB(dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can detect singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.

Benzo[f]tetraphene, also known as Dibenz[a,c]anthracene, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon utilized as a luminescent probe in cellular biology for effective detection of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, it has potential applications as a photosensitizer, demonstrating promising prospects in photodynamic inhibition.

Palladium meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (PdTFPP) is a phosphorescent dye derived from palladium(II). It serves as an effective singlet oxygen sensitizer due to its fluorine content, offering excellent photo-stability and antioxidant properties.

WXN74056, also known as Pt(II) meso-Tetraphenyl Tetrabenzoporphine, is a synthetic porphyrin compound. It is extensively used in dye-sensitized solar cells and can be employed for oxygen tension measurement. As of now, WXN74056 has no official name; it is temporarily designated this code according to MedKoo Chemical Nomenclature [see website: https: www.medkoo.com page naming].

Thio-acridone is an atomic photosensitizer (HAF-PSs) that, when excited by visible light at 470 nm, forms a long-lived triplet state, ultimately generating singlet oxygen to disrupt the structure and function of target cells (e.g., cancer cells). Thio-acridone shows potential for use in cancer research.

Alizarin Red S (ARS) is an anthraquinone derivative dye that exhibits orange-red fluorescence when its functional groups form coordination bonds with cations such as calcium ions through oxygen atoms. It is used to screen calcium compounds in synovial fluid, detect osteoblast differentiation, and stain bones within mice. Excitation/emission wavelength: 500/570 nm.

CM-H2DCFDA is a fluorescent indicator for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells.

Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein (HPF) is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye for the detection of highly reactive oxygen species with little or no intrinsic fluorescence.Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein can be used in fluorescent enzyme labeling and flow cytometry, and can be used to Neurodegeneration and aging. Fluorescence wavelength: Ex/Em = 490/515 nm.

5(6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate is an oxidant-sensitive and cell-permeable fluorescent probe.1Base hydrolysis of the ester bonds by intracellular esterases releases the acetate groups and the resulting compound, 5(6)-carboxy-2',7',-dichlorofluorescein, is oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and displays excitation emission maxima of 504 and 530 nm, respectively, which can be quantified as a measure of oxidant production. 1.Hempel, S.L., Buettner, G.R., O'Malley, Y.Q., et al.Dihydrofluorescein diacetate is superior for detecting intracellular oxidants: Comparison with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, 5(and 6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and dihydrorhodamine 123Free Radic. Biol. Med.27(1-2)146-159(1999)

Methoxy-PMS (1-Methoxyphenazine methosulfate) is stable electron-transport mediator between NAD(P)H and tetrazolium dyes, can induce active oxygen formation.

ABMDMA (9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid) is a chemical probe and indicator with photobleaching properties that can be photobleached by mono-linear oxygen to the corresponding peroxylactone, and can be used to determine photo-induced mono-linear oxygen generation (SOG).

Tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) dichloride is used as a probe for luminescent detection and quantitation of oxygen [absorption λmax=455 nm, luminescence λmax=613 nm], for fibre optic sensors, and in studies on oxygen in skin and skin tumors as well as measurement of oxygen flux through the skin.

BDP 581 591 NHS ester, a borondipyrromethene dye (Ex=585 nm, Em=594 nm), exhibits a relatively long fluorescence lifetime and significant two-photon excitation cross-section. This compound is applicable in fluorescence polarization analysis, interacts with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to modify fluorescence, and, as an NHS ester derivative, binds to the primary and secondary amine groups of proteins, peptides, and various molecules. Storage instructions highlight the importance of protecting it from light.

Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) TFA, a fluorophore derived from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lipofuscin, initiates blue-light-induced apoptosis, mediates autophagy, and generates reactive oxygen species. This compound is instrumental in researching retinal degenerative diseases [1] [2].

8-Phenyl-BODIPY 505 515 are phenyl-substituted BODIPY derivatives, thereby altering the phosphorescent properties of BODIPY, triplet and monoclinic oxygen generation, and can be used as fluorescent probes.

IR-251 is a mitochondrion-targeting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe that selectively accumulates in tumor cell mitochondria through organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. By impeding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), IR-251 promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, consequently inhibiting the β-catenin signaling pathway as well as associated cell cycle and metastasis proteins. This mechanism contributes to the compound's ability to suppress tumor growth and metastasis [1].

Rhodamine B hydrazide serves as an effective probe for sulfite detection, transitioning from colorless and non-fluorescent to emitting Rhodamine B-like fluorescence upon interaction with sulfite (5-800 ng mL; detection limit=1.4 ng mL (3σ)). This process occurs as sulfite reduces dissolved oxygen, generating superoxide radicals that react with Rhodamine B hydrazide to yield Rhodamine B. The addition of Tween 80 surfactant micelles further enhances this fluorescence. The absorption and fluorescence emission maxima of Rhodamine B hydrazide are at 554 nm and 574 nm, respectively [1].