CD-1

α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) is a saccharide comprised of six glucose subunits linked by α-1,4 bonds, which results in a cone-shaped molecule.1It contains a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior, which allow it to form inclusion complexes with wide variety of molecules, conferring enhanced solubility and stabilization to the molecules. α-CD has commonly been used in the separation and purification of chemicals on an industrial scale.1,2Formulations containing α-CD have been used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the physical and chemical properties of compounds, the food industry as flavor carriers and stabilizers in processed and ultra-processed foods and certain beverages, as well as in other industrial applications. 1.Li, S., and Purdy, W.C.Cyclodextrins and their applications in analytical chemistryChem. Rev.92(6)1457-1470(1992) 2.Astray, G., Gonazalez-Barreiro, C., Mejuto, J.C., et al.A review on the use of cyclodextrins in foodsFood Hydrocolloids23(7)1631-1640(2009)

Nrf2-ARE hMAO-B QR2 modulator 1, a new resveratrol-based multitarget-directed ligand (MTDL), exhibits a well-balanced MTDL profile: it activates the NRF2-ARE pathway (CD = 9.83 μM), selectively inhibits both hMAO-B and QR2 (IC50s = 8.05 and 0.57 μM), and effectively promotes hippocampal neurogenesis. It exerts neuroprotective and antioxidant actions in both acute and chronic Alzheimer models using hippocampal tissues.

CD19 car mRNA-LNP, a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulating CD19 car mRNA, is instrumental in assessing RNA delivery, translation efficacy, and cell viability among other applications. This compound is pivotal for chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy (CAR-CD19), leveraging the CD19 molecule - a critical membrane antigen expressed by B cells (i.e., leukocyte differentiation antigen) that plays a significant role in their proliferation, differentiation, activation, and antibody production, as well as enhancing BCR signal transduction [1] [2].

Tulisokibart (PRA023) is a humanized IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody targeting TNFSF15 TL1A, with potential applications in researching inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, including Crohn's Disease (CD) [1] [2].

Catumaxomab, a trifunctional IgG2 antibody with mouse and rat heavy and light chain components, targets human EpCAM and CD3 receptors. Its Fc region exhibits affinity for FcγRI (CD64), FcγRIIA (CD32a), and FcγRIII (CD16), making it a valuable tool in epithelial cancer anti-tumor research [1] [2].

Betamethasone 21-phosphate is a synthetic glucocorticoid.1It prevents increases in macrophage and eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreases in blood leukocyte numbers in a guinea pig model of parainfluenza-3 viral infection when administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg but does not prevent airway hyperresponsiveness after infection.2Betamethasone 21-phosphate inhibits cell infiltration into the aqueous humor in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis when administered topically or subcutaneously at doses of 0.01-1% or 1 mg/kg, respectively.3It increases maximal lung pressure volume curves in fetal sheep when administered to pregnant ewes at 0.75 gestation at doses of 80 and 170 μg/kg.1Betamethasone 21-phosphate increases body weight, impairs learning and memory, increases anxiolytic behavior, and reduces hippocampal neurogenesis in CD-1 mice but reduces body weight and increases neurogenesis with no effect on anxiety in high-anxiety DBA/2 mice when administered at a dose of approximately 25 mg/kg per day in the drinking water for seven weeks.4Formulations containing betamethasone 12-phosphate and betamethasone acetate have been used in the treatment of severe allergic conditions and a variety of immune-related conditions. 1.Loehle, M., Schwab, M., Kadner, S., et al.Dose-response effects of betamethasone on maturation of the fetal sheep lungAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.202(2)186.e181-186.e187(2010) 2.Leusink-Muis, A., Ten Broeke, R., Folkerts, G., et al.Betamethasone prevents virus-induced airway inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigsClin. Exp. Allergy29(Suppl. 2)82-85(1999) 3.Tsuji, F., Sawa, K., Kato, M., et al.The effects of betamethasone derivatives on endotoxin-induced uveitis in ratExp. Eye Res.64(1)31-36(1997) 4.Aiello, R., Crupi, R., Leo, A., et al.Long-term betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium treatment has distinct effects in CD1 and DBA/2 mice on animal behavior accompanied by opposite effects on neurogenesisBehav. Brain Res.278155-166(2015)

Cyclic di-UMP is a pyrimidine-containing cyclic dinucleotide (CDN).1It is produced by bacterial cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases (CD-NTases), such as LpCdnE02 fromL. pneumophila, and binds to cGAS, in the apo or dsDNA-bound forms, with reduced affinity compared to 2'3'-cGAMP or 3'3'-cGAMP .1,2Cyclic di-UMP is intended for use as a negative control for cyclic di-GMP signaling. 1.Whiteley, A.T., Eaglesham, J.B., de Oliveira Mann, C.C., et al.Bacterial cGAS-like enzymes synthesize diverse nucleotide signalsNature564(7747)194-199(2019) 2.Hall, J., Ralph, E.C., Shanker, S., et al.The catalytic mechanism of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and implications for innate immunity and inhibitionProtein Sci.26(12)2367-2380(2017)

CD19 car circRNA-LNP, a lipid nanoparticle containing CD19 car circRNA, is designed for applications in RNA delivery, translation efficiency, and cell viability assessment. This compound is utilized in chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy (CAR-CD19), leveraging CD19 car, a chimeric antigen receptor that targets CD19. CD19, a CD molecule found on B cells (i.e., leukocyte differentiation antigen), plays a crucial role in B cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and antibody production by facilitating BCR signal transduction [1] [2].

1. Dauricine has pulmonary toxicity, can produce pulmonary injury in CD-1 mice by the metabolism of Dauricine mediated by CYP3A. 2. Dauricinec can pass the blood-brain barrier, and that P-glycoprotein has an important role in the transportation of Dauricine across the blood-brain barrier. 3. Dauricine may has anti-tumor effect, can inhibit tumor cells in urinary system and colon cancer cell proliferation, invasion; induce cell apoptosis by suppressing NF-kappaB activity and the expression profile of its downstream genes.

Jaceosidin has anti-oxidative activity. Jaceosidin has anti-inflammatory activity, also a microglial inhibitor with anti-neuroinflammation activity. aceosidin has anticancer activity, modulates the ERK ATM Chk1 2 pathway, leading to inactivation of the Cd

Teduglutide TFA, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV-resistant glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogue, exhibits trophic effects on the gut mucosa and is used in research related to short bowel syndrome (SBS) and Crohn's disease (CD) [1] [2].

Orphanin FQ(1-11) TFA, a fragment of orphanin FQ or nociceptin (OFQ N), acts as a powerful NOP receptor (ORL-1; OP4) agonist with a K i of 55 nM. It lacks affinity for μ, δ, κ1, and κ3 receptors (K i >1000 nM), demonstrating specificity, and exhibits analgesic properties in CD-1 mice [1] [2].

CD73-IN-1 is a CD73 inhibitor with anticancer activity.

Orphanin FQ(1-11) is a peptide fragment containing amino acids 1-11 of Nociceptin. Orphanin FQ(1-11) is a potent agonist of the ORL1/KOR-3 receptor (Ki = 55 nM) and displays no affinity for opioid receptors, including μ, δ, κ1 and κ3 receptors (Ki >1000 nM). Orphanin FQ(1-11) displays analgesic properties in CD-1 mice.

(±)-Pantothenic acid ((±)-Pantothenate), a B-vitamin, is crucial for coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis in mammalian cells and protects against valproic acid (VPA)-induced neural tube defects (NTD) in CD-1 mice [1].

VNPP433-3β acts as a molecular glue degrader, targeting the androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variants (AR-Vs) as well as MAP kinase-interacting serine threonine protein kinase Mnk1 2. It effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells LNCaP, C4-2B, and CWR22Rv1, with GI50 values of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.31 μM, respectively. Additionally, VNPP433-3β shows favorable pharmacokinetics in CD-1 mice and suppresses tumor growth in the CWR22Rv1 xenograft mouse model.