pi3kγ

Quercetin, a flavonoid natural product, is a SIRT1 activator. It is also a PI3K inhibitor, inhibiting PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ with IC50 values of 2.4, 3.0, and 5.4 μM, respectively. Recognized as a heat shock protein inhibitor, Quercetin can significantly reduce exosome release in TII models by downregulating Hsp70 or Hsp90.

3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a PI3K inhibitor that selectively inhibits class IB PI3Kγ (IC50 = 60 μM) and class III VPS34 (IC50 = 25 μM). 3-Methyladenine inhibits autophagy.

Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a natural flavonoid and MEK1 inhibitor. Myricetin has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

Acacetin (5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is an O-methylated flavone found in various plants, exhibiting antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities in different research models.

Taurocholic acid (N-Choloyltaurine) is a bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats.Taurocholic acid is cytoprotective, preventing tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cholangiocyte damage via a PI3K-mediated pathway.

Protectin D1 (Neuroprotectin D1) is a neuroprotectin produced by neuronal cells and is a potential cardioprotective agent.Protectin D1 attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation by modulating the PI3K AKT signaling pathway.

Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial proteins. Chloramphenicol acts primarily on the 50S subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome and is active against peptidyltransferases, inhibiting the formation of peptide bonds.

Esculetin (Cichorigenin) is a coumarin derivative from various natural plant products with various biological and pharmaceutical properties including anti-edema, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour effects. It inhibits lipoxygenases (LOs).

1-Deoxynojirimycin (Moranoline) is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, suppressing postprandial blood glucose, thereby possibly preventing diabetes mellitus.

α-Linolenic Acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by the human body and is obtained by isolating it from seed oils. α-Linolenic acid has been shown to improve memory, inhibit thrombosis, and lower blood lipids.

Rhodiolin, a natural product from Rhodiola rosea, blocks glycolysis of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), inhibits phosphorylation of the PI3K AKT mTOR signaling pathway and induces apoptosis of PTC cells.

Isorhamnetin (3-methylquercetin) is the methylated metabolite of quercetin. Quercetin is an important dietary flavonoid with in vitro antioxidant activity. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial cell injuries from oxidized LDL via inhibition of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 upregulation, interference of ox-LDL-mediated intracellular signaling pathway (p38MAPK activation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, eNOS expression) and the antioxidant activity of isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial dysfunction, superoxide production, and overexpression of p47phox induced by angiotensin II. Isorhamnetin appears to be a potent drug against esophageal cancer due to it's in vitro potential to not only inhibit proliferation but also induce apoptosis of Eca-109 cells.

Cytochalasin D is an actin inhibitor, the removal of actin stress fibers is crucial for the chondrogenic differentiation. It may be an inhibitor of some fertilization processes such as sperm penetration or sperm head decondensation. Cytochalasin D inhibit

(-)-Alkannin (Shikonin) is a natural red naphthoquinone pigment, has antimicrobial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects; a purified shikonin preparation is widely used for the production of medicinals, cosmetics, and some food products; shikonin also enters into the antiinflammatory ointment and cream compositions used for the treatment of burns. It can suppress the cell viability, adhesion, invasion and migratory ability of MGC-803 cells through TLR2- or NF-κB-mediated pathway.

Ginsenoside Rk1 is a component created by processing the ginseng plant at high temperatures. Ginsenoside Rk1 has an anti-inflammatory effect, suppresses the activation of Jak2 Stat3 signaling pathway and NF-κB. It also has an anti-tumor effect.

δ-Tocotrienol (Delta-Tocotrienol) is a potential angiogenic inhibitor. δ-Tocotrienol is also a nontoxic activator of mir-34a which can inhibit nonsmall cell lung cancer cells (NSC-LC) cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and inhibit invasion, and thus offering a potential starting point for the design of novel anticancer agents.

Euscaphic acid has anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by interference with the clustering of TRAF6 with IRAK1 and TAK1, resulting in blocking the activation of IKK and MAPKs signal transduction

4'-Hydroxywogonin (8-Methoxyapigenin), a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory properties, reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), inhibited the TAK1 IKK NF-κB signaling pathway, and reduced the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the PI3 Akt signaling pathway.

α-Solanine (alpha-Solanine) is an alkaloid derived from potato with anticancer and antitumor activity, attenuating chondrocyte death by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. α-Solanine inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioma cells but promotes apoptosis of glioma cells.

Arnicolide D is a sesquiterpene lactone. Arnicolide D isolates from Centipeda minima. Arnicolide D modulates the cell cycle, activates the caspase signaling pathway and inhibits the PI3K AKT mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways. Arnicolide D inhibits Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Arnicolide D exerts strong cytotoxic activity on the human colon carcinoma HT-29 cell line.

(-)-Butin (Butin) has antioxidant activity, can protect cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage and oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction; it attenuates oxidative stress by activating Nrf2-mediated Mn SOD induction via the PI3K Akt signaling pathway.

Lupiwighteone has anti-angiogenesis potential, it also has anticancer and cancer preventive effects on SH-SY5Y cells.

Sulfuretin is a potent anti-oxidant, has protective effect against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in human liver-derived HepG2 cells is attributable to its ability to scavenge ROS and up-regulate the activity of HO-1 through the Nrf2 ARE and JNK ERK signa

Isoangustone A has antitumor activity, it can induce G1 cycle arrest in DU145 human prostate and 4T1 murine mammary cancer cells, it inhibits cell proliferation by targeting PI3K, MKK4, and MKK7 in human melanoma. Isoangustone A dampens mesangial sclerosis associated with inflammation in response to high glucose through hindering TGF-β and NF-κB signaling. Isoangustone A also shows strong ferric reducing activities and effectively scavenged DPPH, ABTS(+), and singlet oxygen radicals.