Dopamine Receptor

Clozapine N-oxide is the major metabolite of Clozapine and is blood-brain barrier permeable. Clozapine N-oxide is an agonist of DREADDs and activates the DREADD receptors hM3Dq and hM4Di. Clozapine N-oxide is also a dopamine antagonist and selective muscarinic M4 receptor agonist.

Pentiapine (CGS 10746) is a novel inhibitor of dopamine release.

ONC206, an analogue of the TRAIL inducer ONC201, acts as a selective antagonist of the D2-like dopamine receptors (DRD2 3 4) at nanomolar concentrations and possesses broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity.

MPTP hydrochloride is a precursor of MPP+, a dopamine neurotoxin with blood-brain barrier permeability. MPTP hydrochloride is toxic to dopaminergic neurons, which can lead to Parkinson's disease, and is widely used in the construction of animal models of Parkinson's disease.

5-HT1A modulator 1 exhibits high affinities for the 5-HT1A, α1-adrenergic receptor, and D2 receptor (IC50s = 2 nM, 10 nM, and 40 nM).

PAOPA is a novel dopamine D2 receptor modulator and L-proline-L-leucine-glycine amide (PLG) peptide mimetic that prevents and reverses behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in preclinical animal models of schizophrenia sensitized to amphetamine. PAOPA has been used in the study of schizophrenia and extrapyramidal dysfunction.

Syrosingopine is a dual inhibitor of MCT1 and MCT4, 60 times more potent against MCT4, preventing lactate and H+ efflux. Syrosingopine is an orally available antihypertensive drug with potential for cancer research in combination with metformin.

SCH-23390 hydrochloride (R-(+)-SCH23390 hydrochloride) is an effective dopamine receptor antagonist, with high affinity for the D1 (Ki=0.2 nM) and D5 (Ki=0.3 nM) receptors.

Oxidopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA hydrobromide) is a neurotransmitter dopamine antagonist.

Aplindore Fumarate (DAB-452) is a small molecule dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist.Aplindore Fumarate exhibits high affinity for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, and low affinity for dopamine D4, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT2), and α1-adrenergic receptors.Aplindore Fumarate is used in the study of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Fumarate can be used to study Parkinson's and schizophrenia.

6-Chloromelatonin is a potent melatonin receptor agonist, a 5-methoxyindole compound that competes for presynaptic melatonin receptor sites in the rabbit retina, inhibiting the calcium-dependent release of [3H]dopamine with higher metabolic stability than melatonin. Chloromelatonin competitively binds to [3H]melatonin at MT2 receptors (pKi=9.77) and may be used to study insomnia and sleep disorders associated with depression.

Benperidol (Anquil) is a butanone analog with antipsychotic and stabilizing properties, and has been shown to be effective in blocking D2 receptors.Benperidol can be used in positron emission tomography (PET) scanning to measure D(2) dopamine receptor binding in vivo.Benperidol has been shown to be effective in blocking D2 receptors in vivo.Benperidol has been shown to be effective in blocking D2 receptors in vivo.

Trifluoperazine (trifluoroperazine) is a Dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor(IC50 : 1.2 nM), and Treatment of schizophrenia.

Escitalopram (Seroplex) is a furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.

Citicoline (CDP-Choline) is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a component of cell membranes. Citicoline exerts neuroprotective effects.

Hirsuteine is a natural product. It non-competitively antagonizes nicotine-mediated dopamine release by blocking ion permeation through nicotinic receptor channel complexes.

(-)-Isocorypalmine ((S)-Tetrahydrocolumbamine), a natural product isolated from Corydalis chaerophylla, has significant antifungal activity.

Cabergoline (FCE-21336) is an ergot derived-dopamine D2-like receptor agonist. It has high affinity for D2, D3, and 5-HT2B receptors (Ki=0.7, 1.5, and 1.2, respectively).Cabergoline permits rapid and effective hormonal and tumor control by normalizing prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas levels.

Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279), a naturally occurring catecholamine formed by decarboxylation of dihydroxyphenylalanine and a precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine, binds to alpha-1- and beta-1- adrenergic receptors.

Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) is a partial agonist of human 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 5-HT1A and dopamine D2 receptors.

SPD-473 citrate (BTS 74398 citrate) is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, a norepinephrine transporter protein (NET) inhibitor, and a 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor, and is used in the study of neurological disorders and endocrine and metabolic diseases.

WAY-260022 is an orally available and selective norepinephrine transporter protein inhibitor that displays inhibitory effects on serotonin and dopamine transporter proteins.

PF-184298 is a serotonin and norepinephrine monoamine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that inhibits dopamine reuptake.

Roxindole (EMD 49980) is a selective dopamine autoreceptor and 5-HT1A dual agonist and inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake with antipsychotic and antidepressant activity.Roxindole can be used to study Parkinson's and neurodivergence.

Ecopipam (UNII-0X748O646K) is a potent, selective, and orally active antagonist of dopamine D1 D5 receptors, with Kis of 1.2 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. Ecopipam demonstrates more than 40-fold selectivity over D2, D4, 5-HT, and α2a receptors (Ki=0.98, 5.52, 0.08, and 0.73 μM, respectively). It is used in research on schizophrenia and obesity.

L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an amino acid precursor of dopamine with antiparkinsonian properties. It is a prodrug converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase and can cross the blood-brain barrier. In the brain, levodopa is decarboxylated to dopamine, stimulating dopaminergic receptors and compensating for depleted endogenous dopamine in Parkinson's disease. To ensure adequate concentrations reach the central nervous system, levodopa is administered with carbidopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, reducing peripheral decarboxylation and increasing CNS dopamine delivery.

A 77636 hydrochloride is a potent, orally active, selective and long acting dopamine D1 receptor agonist (pKi=7.40; Ki=39.8 nM). A 77636 hydrochloride shows antiparkinsonian activity. A 77636 hydrochloride is functionally inactive at dopamine D2 receptor.

Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) is an neurotransmitter dopamine antagonist.

Pimozide (R6238) is a diphenylbutylpiperidine derivative and a dopamine antagonist with the antipsychotic property. Pimozide selectively inhibits type 2 dopaminergic receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), thereby decreasing dopamine neurotransmission and reducing the occurrence of the motor and vocal tics and delusions of parasitosis. In addition, this agent antagonizes alpha-adrenergic and 5-HT2 receptors.

BL-1020 Mesylate (CYP-1020 Mesylate) is an orally available GABA A receptor agonist and D2 antagonist that decreases dopamine activity and enhances GABAA activity.BL-1020 Mesylate has been used in the study of schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and bi-directional cognitive impairment.

Trazpiroben (TAK-906) is a selective dopamine D2 D3 receptor antagonist utilized in gastroparesis research.

UNC9975 is a beta-inhibitory protein-biased dopamine D(2) receptor agonist with antipsychotic activity and can be used to study neurologic disorders such as schizophrenia.

Cariprazine (RGH-188) is a novel antipsychotic drug candidate that exhibits high affinity for the D3 (Ki=0.085 nM) and D2 (Ki=0.49 nM) receptors, and moderate affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor (Ki=2.6 nM).

A-437203 (Lu201640) is A kind of based on 1 h - pyrimidin - 2 - one sca ff old, selective, new powerful d3 receptor antagonist, on D2, d3, and D4 receptor, Ki value 71, respectively 1.6 and 6220 nM.

Clozapine (HF 1854) is a tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A 2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity.

Paliperidone (9-hydroxyrisperidone)(Invega) is used as an atypical antipsychotic. It applies to the acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia. Chemically, paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older atypical antipsychotic risperidone.

Quetiapine (ICI204636) is used for the therapy of schizophrenia, and for the treatment of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. The mechanism of quetiapine' action is thought by mediated through antagonist activity at serotonin and dopamine receptors. Specifically, the D1 and D2 dopamine, the α1 adrenoreceptor and α2 adrenoreceptor, and 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 serotonin receptor subtypes are antagonized. Quetiapine also can inhibit the histamine H1 receptor.

Dexpramipexole dihydrochloride (KNS-760704 dihydrochloride) ((R)-Pramipexole dihydrochloride) is a neuroprotective agent and is a weak non-ergoline dopamine agonist.

Risperidone (R 64 766) is a selective blocker of dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors that act as an atypical antipsychotic agent.

Olanzapine (LY170053) is an atypical antipsychotic that is used currently in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar illness.

Didesmethyl cariprazine, a metabolite of Cariprazine, is the major cyclic active part. Didesmethyl cariprazine has a long half-life of 1-3 weeks. Cariprazine is a potent D3 preference D3 D2 receptor partial agonist of dopamine for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and depression, with a high affinity for d3 and d2 receptors and a moderate affinity for 5-HT 1A receptors.

PNU-96391 (OSU-6162) is an antagonist of dopamine D2 and a partial agonist of 5-HT2A. PNU-96391 can be used in research on the treatment of chronic diseases.

SLV-310 is a potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT reuptake receptor inhibitor used in the study of neurological disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

BP14979 is a dopamine D3 receptor agonist that can be used to study neurological disorders.

Tavapadon (CVL-751) is an orally active and highly selective dopamine D1 D5 receptor partial agonist.

Dopexamine is a dopaminergic agonist

Fluphenazine decanoate is dopamine D2 receptor blocke,and is a long-acting phenothiazine neuroleptic that used to treat schizophrenia.

Piperacetazine (Piperacetazinum), an antipsychotic prodrug, is used forschizophrenia.