Dopamine Receptor

MPTP hydrochloride is a dopamine neurotoxin and the precursor of MPP⁺. It can induce apoptosis and has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. MPTP hydrochloride is toxic to dopaminergic neurons and is commonly used for the construction of Parkinson's disease animal models.

Pentiapine (CGS 10746) is a novel inhibitor of dopamine release.

ONC206, an analogue of the TRAIL inducer ONC201, acts as a selective antagonist of the D2-like dopamine receptors (DRD2/3/4) at nanomolar concentrations and possesses broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity.

Clozapine N-oxide is the major metabolite of Clozapine and is blood-brain barrier permeable. Clozapine N-oxide is an agonist of DREADDs and activates the DREADD receptors hM3Dq and hM4Di. Clozapine N-oxide is also a dopamine antagonist and selective muscarinic M4 receptor agonist.

5-HT1A modulator 1 exhibits high affinities for the 5-HT1A, α1-adrenergic receptor, and D2 receptor (IC50s = 2 nM, 10 nM, and 40 nM).

PAOPA is a novel dopamine D2 receptor modulator and L-proline-L-leucine-glycine amide (PLG) peptide mimetic that prevents and reverses behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in preclinical animal models of schizophrenia sensitized to amphetamine. PAOPA has been used in the study of schizophrenia and extrapyramidal dysfunction.

Syrosingopine is a dual inhibitor of MCT1 and MCT4, 60 times more potent against MCT4, preventing lactate and H+ efflux. Syrosingopine is an orally available antihypertensive drug with potential for cancer research in combination with metformin.

Oxidopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA hydrobromide) is a widely used neurotoxin and an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, promotes COX-2 activation, induces PGE2 synthesis, and stimulates the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. It is commonly used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

lumateperone Tosylate (ITI-007) is a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist (Ki: 0.54 nM), a SERT blocker (Ki: 61 nM), a partial agonist of presynaptic D2 receptors and an antagonist of postsynaptic D2 receptors (Ki: 32 nM).

Aplindore Fumarate (DAB-452) is a small molecule dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist.Aplindore Fumarate exhibits high affinity for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, and low affinity for dopamine D4, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT2), and α1-adrenergic receptors.Aplindore Fumarate is used in the study of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Fumarate can be used to study Parkinson's and schizophrenia.

UNC9975 is a beta-inhibitory protein-biased dopamine D(2) receptor agonist with antipsychotic activity and can be used to study neurologic disorders such as schizophrenia.

Escitalopram (Seroplex) is a furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.

Clozapine N-oxide dihydrochloride, a derivative of Clozapine and an agonist of human muscarinic design receptors (DREADDs), crosses the blood-brain barrier and activates DREADD receptors hM3Dq and hM4Di.

Trifluoperazine (trifluoroperazine) is a Dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor(IC50 : 1.2 nM), and Treatment of schizophrenia.

Benperidol (Anquil) is a butanone analog with antipsychotic and stabilizing properties, and has been shown to be effective in blocking D2 receptors.Benperidol can be used in positron emission tomography (PET) scanning to measure D(2) dopamine receptor binding in vivo.Benperidol has been shown to be effective in blocking D2 receptors in vivo.Benperidol has been shown to be effective in blocking D2 receptors in vivo.

Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) is a widely used neurotoxin and an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, promotes COX-2 activation, induces PGE2 synthesis, and stimulates the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. It is commonly used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

(Rac)-AMXT-1501 4HCl is a polyamine transport inhibitor that inhibits polyamine transport and acts synergistically with cisplatin in HNSCC. (Rac)-AMXT-1501 4HCl has potential antimicrobial activity and inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation and pneumococcal pod biosynthesis by targeting ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine transport.

Brilaroxazine (RP5063) is a potent multimodal dopamine/5-HT modulator. Brilaroxazine is a partial agonist of dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptors, 5-HT1A (Ki =1.5 nM) and 5-HT2A (Ki = 2.5 nM), and has antagonist activity 5-HT2B, and 5-HT7 receptors with Kis of 0.19 nM and 2.7 nM, respectively. Brilaroxazine can be used for research about cognitive impairments in neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases.

Tavapadon (CVL-751) is an orally active and highly selective dopamine D1/D5 receptor partial agonist.

Cabergoline (FCE-21336) is an ergot derived-dopamine D2-like receptor agonist. It has high affinity for D2, D3, and 5-HT2B receptors (Ki=0.7, 1.5, and 1.2, respectively).Cabergoline permits rapid and effective hormonal and tumor control by normalizing prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas levels.

SCH-23390 hydrochloride (R-(+)-SCH23390 hydrochloride) is an effective dopamine receptor antagonist, with high affinity for the D1 (Ki=0.2 nM) and D5 (Ki=0.3 nM) receptors.

Hirsuteine is a natural product. It non-competitively antagonizes nicotine-mediated dopamine release by blocking ion permeation through nicotinic receptor channel complexes.

Cinitapride (Blaston) is a gastroprokinetic agent. It slows the actions of the muscles to reduce the symptoms of conditions such as acid reflux, delayed gastric emptying, and ulcer dyspepsia. Cinitapride acts as an antagonist of the 5-HT2 receptors and as an agonist of the 5-HT1 and 5-HT4 receptors.

(-)-Isocorypalmine ((S)-Tetrahydrocolumbamine), a natural product isolated from Corydalis chaerophylla, has significant antifungal activity.