RGM

RGM (repulsive guidance molecule) constitutes a family of GPI-anchored transmembrane proteins, comprising RGMa, RGMb (DRAGON) and RGMc (hemojuvelin). Initially identified in the nervous system, RGM proteins play a crucial role in neurodevelopment by regulating axonal guidance and neural network formation. Furthermore, RGMs function as co-receptors for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, enhancing BMP binding to its receptors and thereby regulating cellular differentiation, iron metabolism, and immune function. Mutations in RGMc are associated with hereditary haemochromatosis, whilst the abnormal upregulation of RGMa in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury is implicated in axonal regeneration impairment. Consequently, RGM is recognised as a significant therapeutic target for neuro-regeneration, iron metabolism disorders, and immune-related diseases.