SARS-CoV

Punicalagin is a major ellagitannin found in pomegranates that is reported to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It has been shown to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity-associated accumulation of cardiac triglyceride and ch

Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.

Thapsigargin is a natural product, an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer. Thapsigargin increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration by blocking the ability of cells to pump calcium into the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum.

Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen phosphate) is an aminoquinoline antimalarial and also is widely used as an autophagy inhibitor. Chloroquine also is an inhibitor of toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Ivermectin (MK-933) is an activator of glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) with antiparasitic activity.

Mizoribine (NSC-289637) belongs to the family of 1-Ribosyl-imidazolecarboxamides. Mizoribine has been investigated for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Silymarin (Silybin B) (Silybin B) is a polyphenolic flavonoid that extracts from the milk thistle or seeds of Silybum marianum. It is used in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

2-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a natural product isolated from Angraecum fragrans, has photooxidant activity.

Scutellarein (6-Hydroxyapigenin) reduces inflammatory responses by inhibiting Src kinase activity.

Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) is a natural compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge used for treating of cardiovascular diseases.

1. Arteannuin B has potent antimalarial activity.

Chebulagic acid, isolated from the Terminalia chebula Retz, is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor.

Andrographolide (Andrographis)(Andrographis), an irreversible antagonist of NF-κB, has anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation activities and potential antineoplastic.

Cepharanthine (NSC-623442) is a natural alkaloid that inhibits TNF-α-mediated NFκB stimulation, plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, and platelet aggregation, as well as cytokine production. Cepharanthine exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities.

SARS-CoV MPro-IN-2 effectively inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro), crucial for the virus's replication and transcription in host cells, with an IC50 value of 72.07 nM. Given its significant role in processing viral polyproteins, M pro is regarded as a key target in drug discovery efforts. Consequently, SARS-CoV MPro-IN-2 holds promise for COVID-19 research.

Emodin (Frangula emodin) is an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor with a selective IC50 of 186 and 86 nM against 11β-HSD1 in humans and mice, respectively. Emodin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Emodin can improve metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice.

Ecteinascidin 770 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inhibiting cancer cell viability through RDRP1 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1).

Hydroxyaloin A (10-10-Hydroxyaloin A) is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating significant efficacy in binding to the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M^pro) [1].

Antcin-B exhibits a high-affinity inhibition of 3CLPro, which is potentially significant in SARS-CoV-2 research [1].

Euryachin E is an antimicrobial and antiviral agent identified from Eurya chinensis. It shows a MIC of 6.25 μg mL against B. cereus, a MIC of 0.78 μg mL against S. aureus, and an IC50 of 6.41 μM against COVID-19. Euryachin E is applicable in research related to infections and inflammation.

4'-O-Methylbavachalcone (O-Methylbroussochalcone B) is isolated from Psoralea corylifolia, inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) papain-like protease (PLpro) activity (IC50: 10.1 μM).

Kansuinine B inhibits Stat3 activation induced by IL-6. Kansuinine B exhibits anti-viral activity and could be used in COVID-19 research.

Antcin B is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL Pro). It interacts with several crucial amino acid residues of 3CL Pro, including Leu141, Asn142, Glu166, and His163, through hydrogen bonding, salt bridges, and hydrophobic interactions, thereby inhibiting its activity. This inhibition blocks the cleavage of viral polyproteins and suppresses the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within host cells. Antcin B shows potential for research in the context of COVID-19.

Ferrocin A is a lipopeptide compound that targets the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12). It binds stably to nsp12 and, by chelating iron, reduces the concentration of free iron in the environment. This action inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the acquisition of essential metal cations. As an iron-chelating antiviral agent, Ferrocin A is applicable for research in COVID-19 and bacterial infections.