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Emodin (Frangula emodin) is an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor with a selective IC50 of 186 and 86 nM against 11β-HSD1 in humans and mice, respectively. Emodin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Emodin can improve metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice.

MERS-CoV-IN-1 exhibits excellent inhibitory activity against coronavirus and is useful as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing coronavirus-induced diseases (MERS-CoV and SARS).

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-2 is a selective SARS-CoV-2M pro inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.40 μM.SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-2 has good antiviral activity and can be used to study COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-38 is an orally available SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor with potential antiviral activity for the study of SARS viral infections.

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-9 (compound c7), a nonpeptidic, noncovalent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), exhibits potent inhibitory action (IC50 = 0.085 μM) and improved physicochemical and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) properties. It effectively suppresses viral replication in SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells (EC50 = 1.10 μM) and demonstrates low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 50 μM) [1].

SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-16 is a covalent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro activity, exerting its effect by forming a covalent bond with Cys145.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-39 is a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor with an EC50 of 1 μM. SARS-CoV-2-IN-39 has antiviral activity and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting SKP2 protein and stabilizing BECN1.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of Mpro [SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, SARS-CoV Mpro, and MERS-CoV Mpro] with IC50 values of 0.67, 0.90, and 0.58 μM, respectively.

SARS-CoV-IN-1 is an effective SARS-CoV replication inhibitor with an EC50 of 4.9 μM in Vero cells.

SARS-CoV-IN-2 is an effective inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.

SARS-CoV-IN-3 is an effective inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-99 (compound 58) is an inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-97 (Compound CO-01) is an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2Nsp15 endoribonuclease, exhibiting an IC50 of 53.5 μM. It demonstrates low cytotoxicity in A549-AT cells with an IC50 value of 134 μM.

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-25 (Compound 3a) is a protease inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.26 μM. It demonstrates antiviral activity and is useful for research in the field of pneumonia.

SARS-CoV-IN-6 (Compound 17) acts as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, demonstrating an IC50 value of 7.8 μM against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. This compound reduces the cytopathic effects of single-round infectious particles (SRIP) infected with SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 replicons and inhibits the expression of SARS-CoVN proteins. The EC50 values for SRIP based on SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 replicons are 0.12 µM and 1.47 µM, respectively.

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-31 (Compound 18) is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 MPro with an IC50 of 11 nM. Additionally, this compound effectively inhibits the enzymatic activity of the cysteine proteases cathepsin B and cathepsin L, with IC50 values of 24 nM and 1.8 nM, respectively.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-100 (Compound 172) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against various SARS-CoV-2 variants. It works synergistically with Nirmatrelvir to reduce the risk of antiviral resistance.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-102 (example 58) is an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV papain-like protease (SARS-CoVPLpro), demonstrating an IC50 of less than 100 nM.

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-32 (Compound 1) is a selective inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 MPro with an IC50 value of 230 nM. In vitro, it also inhibits the replication of various SARS-CoV-2 variants.

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-28 (Compound 1K) is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, exhibiting an EC50 of 24 μM.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-108 (Compound 29) is an inhibitor of SARSCoV-2 papain-like protease, with an IC50 of 0.14 µM. It can inhibit viral replication, displaying an EC50 of 0.21 µM.

3CLPro-IN-3 (Compound A36) is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro with an IC50 value of 51.3 nM. It exhibits antiviral activity against human coronaviruses 229E, OC43, and the murine coronavirus MHV.

SARS-CoV-2-IN-52 (Compound 5) is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 with a pIC50 of 0.3187.

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-29 (Compound 7) is an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), with an IC50 of 310 nM for Mpro and an EC50 of 0.5 μM in Vero cells. By binding to the active site of Mpro, it prevents the cleavage of viral polyproteins, exhibiting significant antiviral activity and enhanced metabolic properties. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro-IN-29 holds potential for research in SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug development.