HIV Protease

HIV-1 protease-IN-7 (compound 16) is an orally active HIV-1 protease inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.52 nM and an EC50 of 37 nM [1].

HIV-1 protease-IN-8 (compound 34b) is a potent inhibitor of the HIV-1 protease enzyme with an IC50 of 0.32 nM. It exhibits IC50 values of 0.29 μM for the wild-type HIV-1 (HIV-1 NL4-3) and 1.90 μM against a drug-resistant variant (HIV-1 MDR), indicating strong antiviral activity against both strains [1].

HIV-1 protease-IN-9 (compound 5b), a potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor, exhibits strong antiviral efficacy with a dissociation constant (K_i) of 0.028 nM and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC_50) of 66.8 nM [1].

HIV-1 protease-IN-11 (compound 34a), an HIV-1 protease inhibitor, demonstrates potent inhibition with an IC50 of 0.41 nM and maintains substantial efficacy against a drug-resistant variant [1].

HIV-1 protease-IN-12 (compound 35b) is a potent HIV-1 protease inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.51 nM, demonstrating efficacy against drug-resistant variants [1].

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a uracil analog and inhibitor of DNA synthesis, exhibiting antitumor activity by affecting pyrimidine synthesis through thymidylate synthase inhibition; it induces apoptosis and autophagy.

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a phenolic antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid found in plants such as green and black tea, which inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase, blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors, inhibits cellular oxidation, and prevents free radical damage to cells.

Q-VD-OPh is an irreversible caspase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 48 nM against caspase-7 and between 25 and 400 nM against caspase-1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 12. Q-VD-OPh inhibits HIV infection and can cross the blood-brain barrier.

3-Deazaadenosine hydrochloride is an inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (Ki: 3.9 µM). It has anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-HIV activity.

Doxorubicin hydrochloride is an anthracycline antibiotic with cytotoxic and antitumor activity. It is an effective inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I and II, with IC50 values of 0.8 μM and 2.67 μM, respectively. In addition to inhibiting DNA topoisomerases, it can reduce the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Doxorubicin hydrochloride also induces apoptosis and autophagy. In animal studies, it is commonly used to induce models of acute renal failure, chronic kidney injury, and heart failure.

Punicalin exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-hepatotoxic activities, it shows inhibitory activity on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.11 microg/ml (0.14 microM).

Flavopiridol (Alvocidib) (Alvocidib) competes with ATP to inhibit CDKs including CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 with IC50 of ~ 40 nM. It is 7.5-fold more selective for CDK1, 2, 4, 6 versus CDK7. Flavopiridol is initially found to inhibit EGFR and PKA. Phase 1/2.

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor that suppresses HDAC1 activity and induces HDAC2 degradation, exhibiting oral bioavailability. Valproic Acid activates Notch1 signalling and inhibits the proliferation of small cell lung carcinoma cells, making it applicable for research into epilepsy and bipolar disorder.

Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.

Peldesine (BCX 34) is an effective, competitive, reversible, and orally active inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Peldesine inhibits T-cell proliferation with an IC50 of 800 nM. Peldesine can be used in research on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, psoriasis and HIV infection.

Aplaviroc (AK 602), an SDP derivative, is a CCR5 antagonist with IC50 values of 0.1-0.4 nM for HIV-1Ba-L, HIV-1JRFL, and HIV-1MOKW.

Apricitabine (SPD754) is a highly selective and orally active HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (Ki=0.08 μM), the (-) enantiomer of 2′-deoxy-3′-oxy-4′-thiocytidine (dOTC) . Apricitabine inhibits DNA polymerase α, β and γ with Ki values of 300 μM, 12 μM and 112.25 μM, respectively. Apricitabine has shown good antiretroviral therapeutic efficacy in antiretroviral HIV-infected patients, with good tolerability and low selective resistance.

Cosalane (NSC 658586) is an HIV replication inhibitor, an inhibitor of chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) signalling in humans and mice, with antiviral activity that blocks the binding of CCR7 to its natural ligands, CCL19 and CCL21.

L 756423 (L756423) is a novel potent and selective and competitive HIV protease inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.049 nM for HIV-1 PR.L 756423 blocks the spread of HIV(IIIb)-infected MT25 lymphocytes at 0.50-0.1 nM and can be used for the study of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

AzddMeC (Az-Dcme) is a nucleoside analog with antiviral activity and is an orally active and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 replication.AzddMeC has an EC50 value of 9 nM against HIV-1-infected human PBM cells and 6 nM against HIV-1-infected human macrophages.

IQP-0528 is a potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that has potential for the treatment of HIV infection by blocking viral entry and shows antiviral activity as a microbicidal gel. . IQP-0528 showed inhibition of both HIV-1 and HIV-2, with an EC50 of 0.2 nM for HIV-1 and 100 nM for HIV-2.

UC-781 (NSC-675186) is a potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI) I with a C50 value of 5 nM.UC-781 exhibits both antiviral activity and drug resistance.UC-781 is in a stable state, and is unaffected by lower pH or varying temperatures.

Ancriviroc (SCH-351125) is an oxime-piperidine compound with strong antiretroviral activity and an orally bioavailable small molecule chemokine receptor CCR5 antagonist (Kd value 9.27nM) that enters HIV-1 through the CCR5 co-receptor and is used to study HIV-1.

Bis-T-23 is a promoter of actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization, an HIV-I integrase inhibitor, and a Telstar derivative. Bis-T-23 promotes actin-dependent dynamin oligomerization. Bis-T-23 can be used in studies of HIV and chronic kidney disease (CKD).