permeability

DFP00173 is a potent and selective aquaporin 3 (AQP3) inhibitor, with an IC50 of approximately 0.1-0.4 μM for both mouse and human AQP3. It demonstrates selectivity for AQP3 compared to homologous AQP subtypes AQP7 and AQP9.

Ceramides Mixture, an endogenous ceramide, consists of hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing ceramides. It is involved in the regulation of cell cycle arrest, growth inhibition, and modulation of telomerase activity.

Digitonin is a natural product of the glycoside family and is a detergent. Digitonin has antitumor activity, binds to cholesterol molecules to increase the permeability of cell membranes, and is active in the cleavage of cell membranes in a wide range of cells.

Diclofop-methyl is a common post-growth herbicide commonly used in agriculture. It enhances proton permeability of isolated oat root vesicle membranes.

Butoconazole (1-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)thio]butyl]-1H-imidazole) is an imidazole antifungal agent

Metformin hydrochloride (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), a widely used anti-diabetic drug, exhibits potential anti-Y properties by inhibiting the proliferation of various Y cells, including colon and prostate.

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA alkylating agent with blood-brain barrier permeability and oral activity. Temozolomide has antitumor activity and antiangiogenic activity, and also induces apoptosis and autophagy. Temozolomide is stable under acidic conditions and hydrolyzes under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions.

PAF (C16) is a potent MAPK and MEK ERK activator that induces increased vascular permeability. PAF (C16) (PAF (C16)) is a platelet-activating factor, a phospholipid-derived mediator and a ligand for PAF G protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). PAF (C16) has shown anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, inhibiting Caspase-dependent apoptosis by interacting with its receptor (PAF-R) to perform cell signaling.

SC79 is an AKT agonist with specificity and blood-brain barrier permeability. SC79 specifically binds to the PH domain of AKT, activates cytoplasmic AKT, and inhibits AKT membrane translocation. SC79 has neuroprotective activity.

MPTP hydrochloride is a dopamine neurotoxin and the precursor of MPP⁺. It can induce apoptosis and has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. MPTP hydrochloride is toxic to dopaminergic neurons and is commonly used for the construction of Parkinson's disease animal models.

C-176 (STING inhibitor 1) is a STING inhibitor with selectivity and blood-brain barrier permeability. C-176 inhibits STING-mediated IFNβ production and possesses anti-inflammatory activity.

PX-478 is a HIF-1α inhibitor with selectivity, oral activity, and blood-brain barrier permeability. PX-478 has antitumor activity and also protects pancreatic β-cell function in diabetes mellitus and is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus research.

PLX5622 is an orally active small-molecule CSF1R inhibitor that selectively depletes microglia in the brains of mice and rats. It is commonly used to establish models related to microglia-associated neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), brain injury, and neuroimmune regulation.

Aducanumab (BIIB037), A selective human immunoglobulin gamma-1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody, targets the clustered form of amyloid beta (Aβ). Aducanumab shows brain permeability and may be used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) is an AMPK activator with blood-brain barrier permeability. Metformin may improve glycemic control by increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal glucose uptake, and is commonly used in type 2 diabetes research.

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting the second stage of cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria. It also alters cell membrane permeability and selectively inhibits RNA synthesis. Vancomycin is commonly used to treat severe infections resistant to other antibiotics and is frequently employed in experimental studies to induce kidney injury models.

BPR1M97 is a mu opioid receptor (MOP) and neuropeptide-orphin FQ (NOP) receptor agonist with blood-brain barrier permeability and potency, with Kis values of 1.8 nM for MOP and 4.2 nM for NOP.BPR1M97 exhibits anti-injurious effects and antinociceptive effects.

Sulfo-ara-F-NMN is an analogue of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) with cellular permeability. Sulfo-ara-F-NMN was selective to activate SARM1 and inhibited CD38 with an IC50 of about 10 μM. Activation by Sulfo-ara-F-NMN to Z-48 or NMN, which has a higher cyclase activity, causes conformational changes in SARM1, resulting in cADPR production, NAD depletion, and non-apoptotic cell death.

Acitemate(Chinoin 123) has an inhibitory effect on atherosclerosis and reduces the permeability of the aorta in rabbits fed a hyperlipidemic diet, which can be used to study atherosclerosis.

BI-4732 is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with high blood-brain barrier permeability, antitumor activity, inhibition of EGFR activation, and inhibition of T790M mutations.

Stafib-2 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the transcription factor STAT5b, with IC50 values of 82 nM and 1.7 μM for STAT5b and STAT5a, respectively. Stafib-2 has poor cell permeability.

Bupivacaine hydrochloride (Vivacaine) is a long-acting, amide-type local anesthetic. Bupivacaine hydrochloride reversibly binds to specific sodium ion channels in the neuronal membrane, resulting in a decrease in the voltage-dependent membrane permeability to sodium ions and membrane stabilization; inhibition of depolarization and nerve impulse conduction; and a reversible loss of sensation.

Tioconazole (Vagistat) is a synthetic imidazole derivative, inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol or other sterols, damaging the fungal cell membrane, altering its permeability, and promoting loss of essential intracellular elements.