Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA (MALP-2 TFA) is a diacylglycerol lipopeptide and TLR-2/TLR-6 agonist that activates immune cell responses such as macrophages, upregulating TNF, IL-6, and PGE2 to induce local inflammation.

Method:
Endothelial cells, including MyEnd cells, were treated with Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA (1 µg/mL) for 24 hours and 2 hours, respectively, to assess its effects on the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and activation of signaling pathways.

Result:
Treatment with Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA (1 µg/mL) for 24 hours upregulated the expression of key endothelial adhesion molecules and leukocyte integrin receptors, thereby enhancing leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. A 2-hour treatment promoted the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and eNOS in MyEnd cells, leading to increased nitric oxide (NO) release. [1]

Method:
A lower limb ischemia model was established in hypercholesterolemic Apoe-deficient mice by performing experimental femoral artery ligation (FAL). Mice were then treated with Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA (1 µg dissolved in 125 µL PBS) via intravenous injection once daily for 10 consecutive days. The effects on hindlimb perfusion recovery and collateral vessel growth were evaluated.

Result:
Intravenous administration of Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 TFA significantly improved hindlimb perfusion recovery and promoted collateral vessel growth in Apoe-deficient mice following FAL. [1]