cyst

MR-L2 is a reversible and noncompetitive allosteric activator of long-isoform phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4).

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

Cysteine protease inhibitor 2 is a cysteine protease inhibitor. Cysteine protease inhibitor 2 inhibited DCT116 and PC3 cells with GI50 values of 6.5 μM and 4.4 μM, respectively.

L-Cystathionine (Cystathionine, L-) is a key nonprotein amino acid related to metabolic conditions of sulfur-containing amino acids. L-Cystathionine can be used in studies about cardiovascular protection.

S-Allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) is an organic sulfur compound extracted from garlic, with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It protects against hepatocellular damage, improves alcoholic liver disease by modulating insulin receptor signaling, and enhances anti-tumor immunity by inhibiting PD-L1 expression.

D-Cysteine, the D-isomer of cysteine, is a powerful inhibitor of E. coli growth and is mediated by D-amino acid oxidase to produce H2S, serving as a neuroprotective agent against cerebellar ataxia. Additionally, D-cysteine can inhibit the growth and cariogenicity of a two-species biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus hemoglobin.

Cystamine (2,2'-Disulfanediyldiethanamine) is an inhibitor of transglutaminase and inhibits caspase-3 with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM. Cystamine can be used in studies about Huntington's diseases.

L-Cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-Cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride (Acdrile)) is an antitussive and an expectorant agent, used to relieve breathing difficulties caused by mucus.

N,N'-Diacetyl-L-cystine (DiNAC) is the disulphide dimer of N-acetylcysteine with immunomodulating properties. N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine also has antiatherosclerotic effects in Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit (WHHL) rabbits. N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine is also an effective and orally active modulator of contact sensitivity/delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in rodents.

Cystamine dihydrochloride is a radiation-protective agent. It also protects against carbon tetrachloride liver damage.

S-Sulfo-L-cysteine sodium salt shows a weak affinity for mGluR1α and mGluR5a at high concentrations and has potential antioxidant activity.

S-allyl-L-cysteine (S-Allylcysteine), a natural constituent of fresh garlic, has antioxidant and anticancer properties in animals.

L-Cysteine (L-(+)-Cysteine) is a non-essential sulfur-containing amino acid in humans. L-Cysteine is important for protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions. Found in beta-keratin, the main protein in nails, skin, and hair, L-Cysteine is important in collagen production, as well as skin elasticity and texture. Also required in the manufacture of amino acid taurine, L-Cysteine is a component of the antioxidant glutathione, and plays a role in the metabolism of essential biochemicals such as coenzyme A, heparin, and biotin.

L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is not considered one of the 20 amino acids, L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. L-Cystine (Cystine Acid) is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen.

S-trityl-L-Cysteine is a non-natural amino acid and an inhibitor of Eg5, also known as KSP and Kif11, a mitotic kinesin necessary for mitotic spindle formation. S-trityl-L-Cysteine inhibits the ATPase activity of Eg5 in basal and microtubule-stimulated states (IC50s = 1,000 and 140 nM, respectively). It is selective for Eg5 over nine other human kinesins in an enzyme-coupled assay. It reversibly inhibits Eg5-driven microtubule sliding velocity with an IC50 value of 500 nM using X. laevis recombinant Eg5. It induces cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells (IC50 = 700 nM), reversibly halting the cell cycle in the mitotic phase by inhibiting the separation of duplicated chromosomes and preventing bipolar spindle formation. S-trityl-L-Cysteine inhibits the growth of cancer cells in vitro when tested against the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 human cancer cell line panel (average GI50 = 1.3 μM) and in mouse xenograft models.

N-Acetyl-D-cysteine exhibits antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through its thiol group reaction.

N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester (NACET) is a derivative of the amino acid L-cysteine. NACET has been shown to exhibit diverse biochemical and physiological effects, including inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of DNA replication, and induction of apoptosis. Additionally, it has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activity.

L-Cysteic acid monohydrate (3-Sulfo-L-alanine Monohydrate) is an oxidation product of L-cysteine that may be used as a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial aspartate: alanine antiporter (AspT) exchange of aspartate and in other aspartate biological systems. L-Cysteic acid monohydrate is used in monomeric surfactant development. L-Cysteic acid monohydrate may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors. It is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

N-Acetylcysteine amide is a thiol antioxidant and a neuroprotective agent with cell permeability and blood-brain barrier permeability. N-Acetylcysteine amide reduces ROS production.

DL-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride (DL-Homocysteinethiolactone hydrochloride) is a cysteine derivative that binds to and induces conformational changes in various plasma proteins, slowing coagulation and inducing oxidative stress. It decreases left ventricular systolic blood pressure and cardiac force and induces seizures in vivo.

L-Cysteine S-sulfate (S-Sulfo-L-cysteine) is an effective N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptors agonist. L-Cysteine S-sulfate is the substrate for cystine lyase [1].

L-Cystine dihydrochloride is an Nrf2 inducer with whitening and anti-dark spot effects.L-Cystine dihydrochloride has cytoprotective effects in cells, and is often added to various fungal cultures as a carbon source.

Cysteamine hydrochloride is an orally administered small-molecule drug commonly used for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis. It also functions as an antioxidant and is used in experimental studies to induce gastrointestinal disorders, duodenal ulcers, and kidney injury models in mice.

DL-Homocystine is a mutagen secreted by F. nucleatum.