bacteria

Potassium acetate (Diuretic salt) with antibacterial and antifungal properties.

E.coli DH-5 alphaBacterialprotein is a natural protein purified from E.coli DH-5 alpha bacteria.

Bacterial Organophosphorus Medium is used to evaluate the efficiency of phosphorus bacteria in decomposing organophosphorus in phosphorus bacterial fertilizers. It contains glucose, ammonium sulfate, yeast extract, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, lecithin, calcium carbonate, and agar.

Brucellabacterialprotein is a natural protein purified from Brucella, used in life sciences research.

Mycobacterium bovisbacterialprotein is a member of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for causing tuberculosis in cattle.

E.coliBacterialprotein is a natural protein isolated from the bacterium Escherichia coli (E.coli).

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring functional oligosaccharides, which are composed of 2 to 10 fructose molecules combined with glucose molecules. They are widely found in natural plants such as bananas, onions, garlic, chicory, and honey. As a typical prebiotic, fructooligosaccharides cannot be digested and absorbed by the human body, but are selectively fermented by beneficial gut bacteria, especially bifidobacteria, to promote gut health, support microbial balance.

Lauramine oxide (Refan) is effective against common bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus, however it is non-denaturing and may be used to solubilize proteins.

Stercobilin hydrochloride (mixture of isomers) is a bile pigment metabolized by intestinal bacteria and also acts as an inhibitor of HIV protease (HIVProtease) with a Ki of 4 μM. This compound can induce pro-inflammatory activity in mouse macrophage RAW264 cells, including the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Stercobilin hydrochloride (mixture of isomers) is utilized in research on inflammation and viral infections.

1-Amino-2,5-anhydro-1-deoxy-D-mannitol is a potent antibacterial compound effective against various Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Its application potential lies in its ability to combat common antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections effectively. 1-Amino-2,5-anhydro-1-deoxy-D-mannitol may emerge as a novel antimicrobial agent in clinical inhibition.

Bacimethrin (NSC 66577) is an antimicrobial compound that acts as an antagonist of thiamine biosynthesis. It inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast.

Leucomycin a5 is a metabolite from the leucomycin complex, which was originally isolated from S. kitasatoensis. It is active against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 0.04-0.8 µg ml) but not against K. pneumoniae, S. typhimuriu

ADP-Glucose (ADPG) is an immediate precursor used in the biosynthesis, by glucose addition, of storage polysaccharides in plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria, as well as structural polysaccharides in certain bacteria.[1],[2] It is used by amylose synthases or starch synthases in plastids in the production of amylose, amylopectins, starch, and other polysaccharides. ADPG is normally generated within plastids, although it can be biosynthesized in the cytoplasm of certain grasses and imported into plastids by a membrane-bound transporter.[3]

13-methyl Myristic acid methyl ester is a methylated bacterial fatty acid methyl ester. It has been used as a marker of bacteria in sewage sludges and of bacterial contaminants in pharmaceutical manufacturing by GC-MS.

N-butyryl-L-Homocysteine thio-lactone, an analog of N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone, is a small diffusible signaling molecule involved in quorum sensing for controlling gene expression and cellular metabolism. It induces violacein expression in C. violaceum mutants usually not able to produce acylhomoserine lactone (AHL), regulating genes like LuxIR family transcriptional regulators.

cis-9,10-Methyleneoctadecanoic acid is a cyclopropane fatty acid found in bacteria and the digestive gland of P. globosa, forming a component of S. aureus cell membranes with levels that decrease upon treatment with carvacrol. Secreted by H. pylori, it enhances histamine- and dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated acid secretion in isolated guinea pig parietal cells and activates protein kinase C (PKC) in a calcium-dependent manner.

C18-HSL is one of four lipophilic, long acyl side-chain-bearing N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, involved in quorum sensing signaling in S. meliloti, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume [M. sativa]. C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in relatively lipophilic cellular environments and cannot diffuse freely through the cell membrane. These long-chain N-acylhomoserine lactones may be exported from cells by efflux pumps or transported between communicating cells via extracellular outer membrane vesicles. Quorum sensing, a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to cell density, manifests in phenotypes such as biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers, including AHLs, which vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of carbon-carbon double bonds, conferring signal specificity through LuxR family transcriptional regulators. Regulation of bacterial quorum sensing signaling to inhibit pathogenesis represents a novel approach to antimicrobial therapy in treating infectious diseases.

Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself with a variety of phenotypes including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved by the production, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. The N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise one such class of autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL). Regulation of bacterial quorum sensing signaling systems to inhibit pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases. AHLs vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), in the substitution of C3 (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and in the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signal specificity through the affinity of transcriptional regulators of the LuxR family. N-tridecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone (C13-HSL) possesses a rare odd-numbered acyl carbon chain and is produced by wild-type and mutant strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis in trace amounts.

N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) are a class of autoinducers used in bacterial quorum sensing to control gene expression in response to cell density. These molecules, comprising a fatty acid coupled with homoserine lactone (HSL), vary in acyl group length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds, determining signal specificity through LuxR family transcriptional regulators. C11-HSL, with its rare odd-numbered acyl carbon chain, may act as a minor quorum-sensing signaling molecule in P. aeruginosa strains. Regulating bacterial quorum sensing can inhibit pathogenesis and represents a novel antimicrobial therapy approach for infectious diseases.

Ganglioside GM2 asialo (asialo- GM2) is a glycosphingolipid containing three monosaccharide residues and a fatty acid of variable chain length but lacking the sialic acid residue present on ganglioside M2. Asialo-GM2 levels are low-to-undetectable in normal human brain, but it accumulates in the brain of patients with Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, which are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by deficiency of lysosomal β-hexosaminidase A and B, respectively. It also binds to various bacteria, including Pseudomonas isolates derived from cystic fibrosis patients. Asialo-GM2 mixture contains ganglioside GM2 asialo molecular species with fatty acyl chains of variable lengths.

Lactose octaacetate exhibits mild to moderate antifungal activity against certain fungi, low or no activity against bacteria and yeast, low cytotoxicity to MDBK, Hep-2, and MDCK cells, and antiviral activity against PV-1 [1].

(E,E)-Farnesol ((2E,6E)-Farnesol) is a sesquiterpene acyclic alcohol produced by bacteria, protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals. (E,E)-Farnesol promotes vasodilation.

Lactoferrin (human) is an iron-binding protein that exhibits antimicrobial properties against a variety of microorganisms, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. Additionally, Lactoferrin (human) can facilitate the cultivation of Streptococcus on iron-restricted media.

C7BzO (Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylampropanepropanesulfonate) is a highly effective solubilizing detergent suitable for samples from bacteria, mammals, and plants. It is used for protein extraction and preparation of samples for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.